8,255
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
mLine 15:
Line 15: + + + + + + + + + + + +
→Spacing drain pipe
Laterals drains should be spaced between 3 - 4 m apart. This is based on an analysis of Hooghoudt's equation<ref>H.P.Ritzema, 1994, Subsurface flow to drains. Chapter 8 in: H.P.Ritzema (ed.), Drainage Principles and Applications, Publ. 16, pp. 236-304, International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement (ILRI), Wageningen, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-70754-33-9</ref>:
Laterals drains should be spaced between 3 - 4 m apart. This is based on an analysis of Hooghoudt's equation<ref>H.P.Ritzema, 1994, Subsurface flow to drains. Chapter 8 in: H.P.Ritzema (ed.), Drainage Principles and Applications, Publ. 16, pp. 236-304, International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement (ILRI), Wageningen, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-70754-33-9</ref>:
<math>Drain\ spacing=\sqrt{\frac{8K_{soil}H\left(D_{i}-D_{d}\right)\left(D_{d}-D_{w}\right)+4K_{soil}\left(D_{d}-D_{w}\right)^{2}}{q}}</math>
<math>Drain\ spacing=\sqrt{\frac{8K_{soil}H\left(D_{i}-D_{d}\right)\left(D_{d}-D_{w}\right)+4K_{soil}\left(D_{d}-D_{w}\right)^{2}}{q}}</math>
In loamy or clayey native soils, ''K<sub>media</sub>''>>''K<sub>soil</sub>'', and the first term of the numerator becomes negligible. This renders the equation effectively:
Drain\ spacing=\sqrt{\frac{4K_{media}\left(D_{d}-D_{w}\right)^{2}}{q}}
Where:
''K<sub>media</sub> is expressed in m/day
''D<sub>d</sub>'' is the depth to the drain pipe (m)
''D<sub>w</sub>'' is the minimum acceptable depth to the water table during infiltration
''q'' is the inflow volume expressed as a depth over the entire surface (m)
===Example===
During a 25 mm storm event, a bioretention cell receives concentrated flow from a catchment 20 times larger than its own footprint (25 x 20 = 500 mm = 0.5 m).
The bioretention cell comprises 0.6 m filter media laid over 0.6 m clear, coarse reservoir gravel. The pipes are laid within the reservoir, 0.9 m below the surface.
Drain\ spacing=\sqrt{\frac{4\times 2.4m\left(0.9m-0.3m\right)^{2}}{0.5}}=3.4 m
==Recommendations for material specifications==
==Recommendations for material specifications==