2,145
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Line 449:
Line 449: − + + + + + + +
→Performance research
* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.02.017 Role of trees in urban stormwater management (Berland et al. 2017)]<ref>Berland, A., Shiflett, S.A., Shuster, W.D., Garmestani, A.S., Goddard, H.C., Herrmann, D.L. and Hopton, M.E. 2017. The role of trees in urban stormwater management. Landscape and urban planning, 162, pp.167-177. https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/271853/1-s2.0-S0169204617X00030/1-s2.0-S0169204617300464/Adam_Berland_green_infrastructure_2017.pdf</ref>
* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.02.017 Role of trees in urban stormwater management (Berland et al. 2017)]<ref>Berland, A., Shiflett, S.A., Shuster, W.D., Garmestani, A.S., Goddard, H.C., Herrmann, D.L. and Hopton, M.E. 2017. The role of trees in urban stormwater management. Landscape and urban planning, 162, pp.167-177. https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/271853/1-s2.0-S0169204617X00030/1-s2.0-S0169204617300464/Adam_Berland_green_infrastructure_2017.pdf</ref>
** Berland ''et al''., provided encouraging signs from their literature review noting the importance of urban trees in stormwater control and management. Their review found that trees are compatible with various GSI technologies and may improve the function of these installations through evapotranspiration and improvements in infiltration rates. Further understanding should be focused on context-specific considerations of optimal arboriculture practices and improved frameworks to maximize the benefits that urban trees provide LIDs related to the hydrologic cycle.
** Berland ''et al''., provided encouraging signs from their literature review noting the importance of urban trees in stormwater control and management. Their review found that trees are compatible with various GSI technologies and may improve the function of these installations through evapotranspiration and improvements in infiltration rates. Further understanding should be focused on context-specific considerations of optimal arboriculture practices and improved frameworks to maximize the benefits that urban trees provide LIDs related to the hydrologic cycle.
* [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07011784.2017.1375865 Modelling rainfall interception by urban trees (Huang et al. 2017)]<ref>Huang, J.Y., Black, T.A., Jassal, R.S. and Lavkulich, L.L. 2017. Modelling rainfall interception by urban trees. Canadian Water Resources Journal/Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques, 42(4), pp.336-348. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Les-Lavkulich/publication/320085997_Modelling_rainfall_interception_by_urban_trees/links/59fc87bf0f7e9b9968bdc715/Modelling-rainfall-interception-by-urban-trees.pdf</ref>
* [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07011784.2017.1375865 Modelling rainfall interception by urban trees (Huang et al. 2017)]<ref>Huang, J.Y., Black, T.A., Jassal, R.S. and Lavkulich, L.L. 2017. Modelling rainfall interception by urban trees. Canadian Water Resources Journal/Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques, 42(4), pp.336-348. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/LesLavkulich/publication/320085997_Modelling_rainfall_interception_by_urban_trees/links/59fc87bf0f7e9b9968bdc715/Modelling-rainfall-interception-by-urban-trees.pdf</ref>
** Huang, ''et al''. (2017), developed an analytical model to compare rainfall itnerception rates between four deciduous tree species (white oak, Norway maple, green ash and cherry). The ratio of evaporation rate to rainfall rate was the most dynamic differing parameter amongst the trees selected. The study was able to provide some information on improved tree selection in urban environments.
* [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eco.1813 Review of stormwater benefits of urban trees (Kuehler et al. 2017)]<ref>Kuehler, E., Hathaway, J. and Tirpak, A. 2017. Quantifying the benefits of urban forest systems as a component of the green infrastructure stormwater treatment network. Ecohydrology, 10(3), p.e1813. https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/ja/2017/ja_2017_kuehler_001.pdf</ref>
* [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eco.1813 Review of stormwater benefits of urban trees (Kuehler et al. 2017)]<ref>Kuehler, E., Hathaway, J. and Tirpak, A. 2017. Quantifying the benefits of urban forest systems as a component of the green infrastructure stormwater treatment network. Ecohydrology, 10(3), p.e1813. https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/ja/2017/ja_2017_kuehler_001.pdf</ref>
** Kuehler, ''et al''. (2017), wrote a literature-review to help quantify the benefits of urban trees in stormwater management based on their ability to retain sizable amounts of annual rainfall in their crows, help slow the flow of stormwater runoff, increase infiltration capacity in urban soils and provide transpiration for effectively sequestered runoff. Tree canopy effectiveness rose during short, low intensity storms and lower during more prolonged, heavier events.
* [https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/11/1202 Estimating tree leaf area density with LIDAR (Li et al. 2017)]<ref>Li, S., Dai, L., Wang, H., Wang, Y., He, Z., & Lin, S. (2017). Estimating leaf area density of individual trees using the point cloud segmentation of terrestrial LiDAR data and a voxel-based model. Remote sensing, 9(11), 1202. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/11/1202/pdf</ref>
* [https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/11/1202 Estimating tree leaf area density with LIDAR (Li et al. 2017)]<ref>Li, S., Dai, L., Wang, H., Wang, Y., He, Z., & Lin, S. (2017). Estimating leaf area density of individual trees using the point cloud segmentation of terrestrial LiDAR data and a voxel-based model. Remote sensing, 9(11), 1202. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/11/1202/pdf</ref>
** Li, ''et al''. (2017), developed a study to determine an effective means for leaf area density (LAD) estimation of a canopy of trees using LiDAR data and ground measured leaf area index (LAI) . Accuracy levels were high determining both characteristics of the tree stand and spatial resolution from their utilized voxel-based canopy profiling (VCP) should be used as an effective estimator of voxel size in this modal going forward.
* [https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/earth-sciences/land-surface-vegetation/biophysical-parameters/9162 Optical Leaf Area Index In-situ Measurement (Leblanc 2011)]<ref>Abuelgasim, A. A., & Leblanc, S. G. (2011). Leaf area index mapping in northern Canada. International journal of remote sensing, 32(18), 5059-5076. https://www.academia.edu/download/55035075/Leaf_area_index_mapping_in_northern_Canada.pdf</ref>
* [https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/earth-sciences/land-surface-vegetation/biophysical-parameters/9162 Optical Leaf Area Index In-situ Measurement (Leblanc 2011)]<ref>Abuelgasim, A. A., & Leblanc, S. G. (2011). Leaf area index mapping in northern Canada. International journal of remote sensing, 32(18), 5059-5076. https://www.academia.edu/download/55035075/Leaf_area_index_mapping_in_northern_Canada.pdf</ref>
** Abuelgasim, A. and Leblanc, S. G. (2011), discuss how NRCan have developed methods to measure the leaf density in vegetation canopies with minimum destructive sampling. The measured quantity is, Leaf Area
Index (LAI) that is used in estimates of carbon absorption by plants.
* [https://www.wastormwatercenter.org/project/tree-project/ Washington Stormwater Center Tree Project]<ref>Washington Stormwater Center. 2022. Tree Project. https://www.wastormwatercenter.org/project/tree-project/</ref>
* [https://www.wastormwatercenter.org/project/tree-project/ Washington Stormwater Center Tree Project]<ref>Washington Stormwater Center. 2022. Tree Project. https://www.wastormwatercenter.org/project/tree-project/</ref>
**The Washington Stormwater Center, conducts their own research on the effectiveness of LID installations, assists homeowners, businesses and organizations with permit assistance for stormwater management and pollution prevention installations, discuss emerging SWM technologies and provide Technology Assessment Protocol - Ecology (TAPE) certification for Washington State.
===Modelling tools===
===Modelling tools===