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| {{TOClimit|2}} | | {{TOClimit|2}} |
| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
− | Bioretention systems may be the most well recognized form of [[low impact development]] (LID). They can fit into any style of landscape and utilize all of the treatment mechanisms: [[infiltration]], filtration, attenuation and [[evapotranspiration]]. | + | Bioretention systems may be the most well recognized form of [[low impact development]] (LID). They can fit into any style of landscape and utilize all of the stormwater treatment mechanisms: [[infiltration]], filtration, attenuation and [[evapotranspiration]]. |
| {{textbox|Bioretention is an ideal technology for: | | {{textbox|Bioretention is an ideal technology for: |
− | *Fitting functional vegetation into urban landscapes | + | *Fitting multi-functional vegetation into urban landscapes |
| *Treating runoff collected from nearby impervious surfaces}} | | *Treating runoff collected from nearby impervious surfaces}} |
| '''The fundamental components of a bioretention cell are:''' | | '''The fundamental components of a bioretention cell are:''' |
| *A surface ponding area | | *A surface ponding area |
| *A filter bed containing a [[Bioretention: Filter media| filter media]] | | *A filter bed containing a [[Bioretention: Filter media| filter media]] |
− | *An [[Bioretention: Internal water storage| internal water storage reservoir]] composed of a [[reservoir aggregate]] layer, and may include embedded void-forming structures. | + | *An [[Bioretention: Internal water storage| internal water storage reservoir]] composed of a [[reservoir aggregate]] layer, and may include embedded void-forming structures to minimize depth and conserve aggregate, and organic material derived from untreated wood (aids in dissolved nitrogen removal). |
| *[[Plant lists|Plants]], and | | *[[Plant lists|Plants]], and |
| *A filter bed surface cover layer (e.g. [[mulch]] and [[stone]]) | | *A filter bed surface cover layer (e.g. [[mulch]] and [[stone]]) |
| '''Additional components may include:''' | | '''Additional components may include:''' |
| *An [[underdrain]] to redistribute or remove excess water | | *An [[underdrain]] to redistribute or remove excess water |
− | *Filter media [[additives]] intended to enhance retention of nutrients, metals, hydrocarbons or bacteria. | + | *Filter media [[additives]] intended to enhance retention of nutrients, metals, petroleum hydrocarbons and/or bacteria. |
| | | |
| ==Planning considerations== | | ==Planning considerations== |