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[[File:Credit_River_Concept.jpg|thumb|A conceptual image depicting a Lake Ontario watershed demonstrates that the watershed scale reveals the connections between different water management activities, and their reliance on shared water resources. The figure depicts a scenario where storm sewers discharge directly to streams and lakes without treatment, and areas where ponds treat stormwater prior to discharge. The figure shows drinking water sourced from groundwater, riverine and lake sources, as well as a pipeline to transport the water to upper reaches within the watershed. Lastly, river-based and lake-based wastewater discharge – including from combined sewers – is also shown.]]
 
Municipalities should employ a One Water approach to explore the interconnections between water systems and to make the most informed water management decisions.  
 
Municipalities should employ a One Water approach to explore the interconnections between water systems and to make the most informed water management decisions.  
    
Using this approach will help to:
 
Using this approach will help to:
a) ensure that water infrastructure systems deliver the appropriate level of service to human populations, and  
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#ensure that water infrastructure systems deliver the appropriate level of service to human populations, and  
b) minimize negative impacts on other water systems, including natural systems like aquifers, streams, and lakes.  
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#minimize negative impacts on other water systems, including natural systems like aquifers, streams, and lakes.  
    
Making the transition to a integrated water management framework will support municipalities and other decision makers in addressing a complex system of drivers and risks. Such drivers and risks include aspects related to [[climate change]], [[urban development]], redevelopment and intensification of existing areas. Failing infrastructure – and the cost of its repair and replacement – is one example of risks. A 2007 survey carried out by the Federation of Canadian Municipalities (FCM) and McGill University survey found that the estimated water infrastructure deficit in Canada was $31 billion for existing infrastructure, plus $56.6 billion for new infrastructure needs, including water, wastewater and stormwater systems (FCM, 2007). Since the One Water approach considers these systems in a systematic, integrated manner, it can help water managers identify cost-effective solutions that can impact and improve multiple systems. It can also help municipalities determine and prioritize investments based on benefits to residents and the watershed.
 
Making the transition to a integrated water management framework will support municipalities and other decision makers in addressing a complex system of drivers and risks. Such drivers and risks include aspects related to [[climate change]], [[urban development]], redevelopment and intensification of existing areas. Failing infrastructure – and the cost of its repair and replacement – is one example of risks. A 2007 survey carried out by the Federation of Canadian Municipalities (FCM) and McGill University survey found that the estimated water infrastructure deficit in Canada was $31 billion for existing infrastructure, plus $56.6 billion for new infrastructure needs, including water, wastewater and stormwater systems (FCM, 2007). Since the One Water approach considers these systems in a systematic, integrated manner, it can help water managers identify cost-effective solutions that can impact and improve multiple systems. It can also help municipalities determine and prioritize investments based on benefits to residents and the watershed.
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