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LID opportunities on public land (view source)

Revision as of 19:07, 18 December 2017

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→‎Places of worship
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==Places of worship==
 
==Places of worship==
 
[[File:Landforms of a place of worship.JPG|thumb|Source areas within a typical place of worship]]
 
[[File:Landforms of a place of worship.JPG|thumb|Source areas within a typical place of worship]]
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Each distinct area of your site can be a source for runoff
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(referred to as a ‘source area’). One or more of these areas
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should be targeted when introducing LID at your place of
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worship.
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===Targeting hard surfaces===
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Hard surfaces such as parking lots are a great opportunity to
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implement LID. Parking lots are the main source of runoff and
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represent the most significant source of stormwater pollutants
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coming from your site.
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Parking lots at places of worship are typically busy only on
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select days of the week when groups gather for prayer or
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other community activities. Due to this intermittent schedule,
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parking lots at these facilities are often rented for other
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purposes during times of low usage. On sites where peak
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demand does not approach the total capacity of the lot,
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consider reducing the parking surface.
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Retrofit options for these large parking lot areas include
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permeable pavement, bioswales and bioretention areas.
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A benefit of permeable pavement systems is that they often
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have a longer lifespan than conventional infrastructure.
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The freeze-thaw cycle of the Ontario climate is tough on
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pavement. Frost heaving and slumping can cause cracks and
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potholes because of the expansion and contraction of water.
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The expected lifespan for conventional asphalt pavement
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in a northern climate, such as Ontario, is approximately 15 to
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20 years. A well-maintained porous asphalt system can last for
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over 30 years, and permeable interlocking concrete pavers
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can have a design life of 20 to 25 years or greater.
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Using LID techniques to manage stormwater can also
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eliminate or reduce the need for an on-site storm sewer
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system. By eliminating piping, failure points in the pavement,
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such as areas around catch basins and manholes, can be
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eliminated. A design that does not use storm sewers also
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negates the need to replace on-site piping, thereby saving
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long-term infrastructure replacement costs.
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Prefabricated modular infiltration chambers are gaining
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acceptance because they are easy to integrate with parking
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lot functions. These subsurface systems are typically installed
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over a coarse granular reservoir to provide water storage and
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allow infiltration into native soils. Infiltration chambers under
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conventional asphalt systems work well on sites where parking
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demand does not allow space for a stormwater feature.
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===Landscaped areas===
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Landscaped or lawn areas adjacent to the parking lot or
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building present opportunities for implementation of LID
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practices such as bioswales and bioretention areas. These
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areas typically accept runoff from nearby hard surfaces and
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provide water quality and water balance benefits.
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===Roof options===
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Rainwater harvesting systems can be simple or complex
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depending on the architecture and roof drainage patterns of
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your building. Many places of worship have peaked roofs with
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piping to convey water from the rooftop. If your site is set up
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this way, it can be easy to integrate harvesting systems into
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the landscape surrounding your building.
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Roof runoff can also be directed to soakaways located on
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passive use areas around your building. Due to the relatively
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good quality of this runoff, pre-treatment devices are not
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required.
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===Source Areas===
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The LID option that best fits your site will depend what types
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of source areas are present. Types of source areas include:
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* Active use area
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* Passive use area
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* Pedestrian walkway
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* Internal driveway
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* Parking lot
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On park sites, pollution prevention is often associated with
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changes to operations and maintenance practices and has
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not been included in Table 6.3.1. An aerial photo of a park
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with each of these source areas accompanies Table 6.3.1.
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Options and implementation strategies for a few of these
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source areas will give you some ideas for your park site.
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The scale
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of your LID retrofit project will largely determine how you will
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proceed. You can usually complete
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small-scale LID projects with in-house expertise and
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resources. Large-scale projects will require external support
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from consultants and contractors.
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===Small-scale projects===
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Starting with small-scale projects is a good strategy to
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increase interest within your community, determine if
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support is available from stakeholder groups and gain retrofit
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experience. Small-scale projects include retrofitting your
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property with landscape alternatives, rain barrels or using
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pollution prevention strategies and practices.
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Small-scale projects require few resources and a
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small project budget because:
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* They do not require integration into capital works projects
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* Engineering consultants are not required
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* Contractors are not required
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* External approvals are not required
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* Consultation with the public is limited
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Due to the less significant financial commitment, it can be
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easier to build the case for support for small-scale projects.
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A successful small-scale LID retrofit project on your property
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is a good indication that you are ready to take on a more
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intensive retrofit project. You now know the resources that Large-scale projects
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Large-scale projects require significantly more effort, budget,
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and staff than small-scale projects. Large-scale LID retrofits
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include:
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* Bioretention
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* Enhanced grass swales
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* Bioswales
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* Perforated pipe systems
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* Permeable pavement
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* Soakaways
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* Infiltration chambers
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* Rainwater harvesting (excluding rain barrels)
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* Prefabricated modules
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* Green roofs
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Consider a large-scale project if your place of worship is
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striving to be a community leader in sustainability. Large-scale
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projects are often highly visible and attract more public
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attention. They may also be the only solution
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to site-specific challenges, like poor drainage. Before starting
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a large-scale retrofit project consider the distinctions that set
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these retrofits apart from small-scale projects.
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===Integration with long-term infrastructure replacement and rehabilitation plans===
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Most large-scale LID retrofits must function with existing
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site infrastructure, such as storm sewers, catch basins,
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and pavement systems. The construction of large-scale
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LID practices often requires these systems to be removed,
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exposed, or replaced. The best time for this type of project is when an infrastructure replacement or rehabilitation
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project is already planned.
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Maintenance programs and budgets that take into consideration
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the expected life cycle of critical site components, including
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parking lot and roofs, are valuable resources for large-scale
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projects. If the replacement of these features is forecasted in
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your site budget well in advance, asses if it is advantageous
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to incorporate LID retrofits into these projects. Remember,
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sharing construction materials, construction equipment, staff
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resources, and time will reduce the budget for your retrofit.
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For example, installing bioretention, infiltration chambers,
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or permeable pavement in a parking lot will require the
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existing pavement to be removed. Budget and resources that
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have been set aside for a parking lot replacement could be
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transferred to the LID retrofit project.
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===Involvement of consultants and contractors===
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Consultants are required for large-scale retrofit projects,
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specifically for the final screening of options, pre-design,
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detailed design, tender and contract documents, construction
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supervision and administration, and assumption and
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verification.
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Site contractors are also required for large-scale LID retrofits.
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Contractors should be pre-qualified based on previous
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experience with similar LID projects.
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External approvals
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Large-scale retrofits may require a variety of approvals at the
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municipal, watershed, provincial, and/or federal level.
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Since LID is still relatively new, you may encounter policies
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or bylaws that present barriers to LID retrofit projects.
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Alternatively, the municipality may have to amend or enforce
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some policies and bylaws to facilitate the implementation of
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LID projects on your site.
    
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
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|style="text-align: left;" |Building || * || * || * || ** || ** || * || ** || o || o || *
 
|style="text-align: left;" |Building || * || * || * || ** || ** || * || ** || o || o || *
 
|}
 
|}
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===stuff to maybe integrate into the above===
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'''Figure 6.3.1: When considering any parking lot retrofit, first determine if the parking spaces provided are consistent with the'''
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demand. In place of worship, the demand will fluctuate. (Source: CVC)
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'''Did you know that green roofs can help'''
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reduce your heating and cooling costs?
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These systems absorb heat and act as
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insulators for buildings. It has been estimated
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that a 3,000 m2 green roof on a one story
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building in Toronto could reduce the cost of
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cooling a building in the summer by 6% and
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the cost of heating a building by 10% in the
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winter23.
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[[Category: Planning]]
 
[[Category: Planning]]
Kyle menken
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