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===Cold Climate===

<p>The majority of Ontario has a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humid_continental_climate#Koppen_Dfb| "Humid continental" Dfb climate], which includes average temperatures in the coldest month well below -3°C. This condition is found in many other parts of the world where LID strategies are routinely employed, including many northern states in the USA and a large swath of  northern Europe. </p>

==Cold Climate===

<p>Common concerns associated with the use of LID during out  

The majority of Ontario has a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humid_continental_climate#Koppen_Dfb| "Humid continental" Dfb climate], which includes average temperatures in the coldest month well below -3°C. This condition is found in many other parts of the world where LID strategies are routinely employed, including many northern states in the USA and a large swath of  northern Europe.

Common concerns associated with the use of LID during out  

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==De-icing Salt==

<gallery mode="packed" widths=300px heights=300px>

[[File:Snow_filter_strip.png|thumb|Snow being stored on a filter strip in Markham, ON]]

Dfb.png| Koppen World Map Dfb Dwb Dsb

{{:De-icing}}

{{:De-icing}}

 

Sodium and chloride ions in de-icing salts applied to asphalt areas travel easily with the runoff water.  De-icing salt can increase the mobility of some heavy metals in soil (e.g. lead, copper or cadmium). This may increase the downstream concentration of these metals (Amrhein et al., 1992; Bauske and Goetz, 1993). </p>

 

 

<p>Sodium and chloride ions in de-icing salts applied to asphalt areas travel easily with the runoff water.  De-icing salt can increase the mobility of some heavy metals in soil (e.g. lead, copper or cadmium). This may increase the downstream concentration of these metals (Amrhein et al., 1992; Bauske and Goetz, 1993). </p>

http://www.unh.edu/unhsc/sites/unh.edu.unhsc/files/pubs_specs_info/jee_3_09_unhsc_cold_climate.pdf

http://www.unh.edu/unhsc/sites/unh.edu.unhsc/files/pubs_specs_info/jee_3_09_unhsc_cold_climate.pdf

<p> <strong>Very few studies have sampled groundwater below infiltration facilities or roadside ditches receiving de-icing salt laden runoff have found concentrations of heavy metals that exceed drinking water standards (e.g., Howard and Beck, 1993; Granato et al., 1995).</strong>  </p>

<strong>Very few studies have sampled groundwater below infiltration facilities or roadside ditches receiving de-icing salt laden runoff have found concentrations of heavy metals that exceed drinking water standards (e.g., Howard and Beck, 1993; Granato et al., 1995).

 

 

 

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*Where large amounts of de-icing salts are applied (e.g., busy highways), or

*Pollution hot spots (e.g. vehicle fuelling, servicing or demolition areas, outdoor storage or handling areas for hazardous materials, and some heavy industry sites); *Prioritize infiltration of runoff from source areas that are comparatively less contaminated such as roofs, low traffic roads and parking areas; and

Snow_filter_strip.png| Snow being stored on a filter strip in Markham, ON

===See Also===

==Other freezing related concerns==

<ul>

<h3>Rainwater harvesting</h3>

<li>[[Water Quality]]</li>

Freezing temperatures can cause problems with pipes and cisterns exposed above the frost penetration line[http://www.raqsb.mto.gov.on.ca/techpubs/ops.nsf/0/ee1f1756eacc00e18525808200628fbf/$FILE/OPSD3090.101%20Rev%231%20Nov2010.pdf]. This maybe a significant issue for [[Rainwater Harvesting|rainwater harvesting systems]], including residential [[Rain Barrels|rain barrels]].

</ul>

<h3>Green Roofs</h3>  

Somewhat counter-intuitively, the survival of green roof planting is greater in winters with long deep sub-zero temperatures. Being shallow and very exposed to warming sunlight, green roofs thaw rapidly. Frequent freeze-thaw cycles in the early and late winter is associated higher loss of vegetation on green roofs.</p>

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