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Line 39: − − ==Stormwater as a valuable resource== − Stormwater is increasingly seen as a resource rather than waste: harvesting excess runoff can reduce stream degradation while providing water for urban populations (Walsh et al., 2012)<ref>Walsh , C., Fletcher, TD., Burns, MJ. 2012. Urban Stormwater Runoff: A New Class of Environmental Flow Problem. PLOS ONE 7(9). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045814 </ref>. Over time, management has shifted from end-of-pipe disposal to decentralized LID strategies that infiltrate, store, and reuse stormwater (Fletcher et al., 2014)<ref>Fletcher, T.D., Vietz, G., Walsh, C.. 2014. Protection of stream ecosystems from urban stormwater runoff : The multiple benefits of an ecohydrological approach. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133314537671</ref>. With climate change expected to reduce precipitation, stormwater will likely be a relatively reliable resource for cities (Walsh et al., 2016)<ref>Walsh, C., Booth, D., Burns, M., Fletcher, T, Hale, R., Hoang, L., Grant Livingston, G., Rippy, M., Roy, A., Scoggins, M., Wallace, A. 2016. Principles for urban stormwater management to protect stream ecosystems. https://faculty.washington.edu/dbooth/Walsh%20et%20al%20Principles%20for%20urban%20stormwater_Freshwater%20Science%202016.pdf</ref>. − This view is reflected in policies such as: − <gallery mode="packed" widths=100 heights=200> − File:Screenshot 2025-08-25 170456.png|City of Toronto’s Official Plan (2019) describes stormwater as a valuable resource which should be managed where it falls<ref>City of Toronto. Toronto Official Plan. 2019. https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/8f06-OfficialPlanAODA_Compiled-3.0.pdf</ref>. − File:Screenshot 2025-08-27 154210.png|York Region’s Official Plan (2022) calls for the use of innovative and integrative stormwater practices such as rainwater harvesting to combat the effects of climate change <ref>York Region. Official Plan. 2024. https://www.york.ca/media/120156/download?attachment</ref>. − File:Screenshot 2025-08-28 163602.png|thumb|MECP (2022) acknowledges that LID BMPs have an important role in mitigating effects of climate change<ref>MECP. 2022. Draft Low Impact Development Stormwater Management Guidance Manual. https://prod-environmental-registry.s3.amazonaws.com/2022-01/Draft%20LID%20Stormwater%20Management%20Guidance%20Manual%202022.pdf </ref>. − File:Screenshot 2025-08-27 160030.png|thumb|City of Vancouver’s Climate Adaptation Strategy (2024) includes the investment of $41M into green infrastructure renewal and upgrades to combat extreme rainfall<ref>City of Vancouver. 2024. Climate Change Adaptation Strategy (2024-2025 ). https://vancouver.ca/files/cov/vancouver-climate-change-adaptation-strategy-2024-25.pdf </ref>. − </gallery>
→Stormwater as a valuable resource
The checkered yellow space between the blue and green lines shows the difference between the runoff volumes - this area is where LID can be used to reduce runoff by storing and infiltrating rainfall. Image credit: [[User: DanielFilippi|Daniel Filippi]].
The checkered yellow space between the blue and green lines shows the difference between the runoff volumes - this area is where LID can be used to reduce runoff by storing and infiltrating rainfall. Image credit: [[User: DanielFilippi|Daniel Filippi]].
==Adapting to climate change using LID==
==Adapting to climate change using LID==