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→Types of flooding
! Pluvial (surface) flooding
! Pluvial (surface) flooding
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[[File:Reflecting-on-the-devastating-2013-storm-mississauga-takes-lead-in-municipal-flood-resilience-the-pointer-be39ea9b.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Street flooding in Mississauga (The Pointer, 2023)<ref>The Pointer. 2013. Reflecting on the devastating 2013 storm, Mississauga takes lead in municipal flood resilience. https://thepointer.com/article/2023-07-30/reflecting-on-the-devastating-2013-storm-mississauga-takes-lead-in-municipal-flood-resilience</ref>.]]
[[File:Reflecting-on-the-devastating-2013-storm-mississauga-takes-lead-in-municipal-flood-resilience-the-pointer-be39ea9b.jpg|350px|thumb|right|Street flooding in Mississauga (The Pointer, 2023)<ref>The Pointer. 2013. Reflecting on the devastating 2013 storm, Mississauga takes lead in municipal flood resilience. https://thepointer.com/article/2023-07-30/reflecting-on-the-devastating-2013-storm-mississauga-takes-lead-in-municipal-flood-resilience</ref>.]]
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* Caused by intense rainfall that exceeds soil infiltration and storm sewer capacity, especially in urban areas with impervious surfaces.
* Caused by intense rainfall that exceeds soil infiltration and storm sewer capacity, especially in urban areas with impervious surfaces.
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! Fluvial (riverine) flooding
! Fluvial (riverine) flooding
| [[File:Screenshot 2025-09-22 100405.png|300px|thumb|right|Don River floods DVP (City News, 2024)<ref>City News. 2024. From the scene: Don Valley River floods section of DVP, stranding drivers. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fbyaYZy0d0A&t=68s</ref>]]
| [[File:Screenshot 2025-09-22 100405.png|350px|thumb|right|Don River floods DVP (City News, 2024)<ref>City News. 2024. From the scene: Don Valley River floods section of DVP, stranding drivers. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fbyaYZy0d0A&t=68s</ref>]]
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* Occurs when rivers exceed their capacity due to heavy rain or snowmelt, resulting in water overtopping the banks and flowing into adjacent areas.
* Occurs when rivers exceed their capacity due to heavy rain or snowmelt, resulting in water overtopping the banks and flowing into adjacent areas.
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! Coastal (shoreline) flooding
! Coastal (shoreline) flooding
|[[File:Screenshot 2025-09-19 115121.png|300px|thumb|right|Lake Ontario floods Toronto Island (Toronto Life, 2017)<ref>Toronto Life. 2017. Flooding on the Toronto Islands is terrible—but also weirdly beautiful. https://torontolife.com/life/flooding-toronto-islands-terrible-also-weirdly-beautiful/</ref>]]
|[[File:Screenshot 2025-09-19 115121.png|350px|thumb|right|Lake Ontario floods Toronto Island (Toronto Life, 2017)<ref>Toronto Life. 2017. Flooding on the Toronto Islands is terrible—but also weirdly beautiful. https://torontolife.com/life/flooding-toronto-islands-terrible-also-weirdly-beautiful/</ref>]]
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* Driven by storm surges and lake-level rise due to storm surges or seiches.
* Driven by storm surges and lake-level rise due to storm surges or seiches.