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Line 30: − *Detention Ponds & Stormwater Basins: Store excess runoff and release it gradually. − + − + + +
→Grey infrastructure solutions
Effective flood mitigation strategies include both grey infrastructure (traditional engineered solutions), green infrastructure (nature-based solutions), and grey-green hybrids.
Effective flood mitigation strategies include both grey infrastructure (traditional engineered solutions), green infrastructure (nature-based solutions), and grey-green hybrids.
===Grey infrastructure solutions===
===Grey infrastructure solutions===
[[File:Western beaches storage tunnel.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Construction of Western Beaches Storage Tunnel in Toronto (McNally, 2017) <ref name=McNally></ref>.]]
[[File:Western beaches storage tunnel.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Construction of Western Beaches Storage Tunnel in Toronto (McNally, 2017) <ref name=McNally></ref>.]]
*'''Underground stormwater storage''' can help prevents sewer overflows. For example, the 4km long West Beaches Storage Tunnel in Toronto collects and treats combined sewer overflows and stormwater to prevent untreated sewage from entering Lake Ontario. It uses [[sedimentation]] and UV disinfecting processes to improve water quality (McNally, 2017) <ref name=McNally>McNally. 2017. Western Beaches Tunnel – Toronto, ON. http://mcnally.ca/tunneling-projects/western-beaches-tunnel-toronto/#:~:text=Project%20Outline,pump%20station%20at%20Strachan%20Avenue.</ref>.
[[File:FEMA P-259 Engineering Principles and Practices for Retrofitting Flood-Prone Residential Structures Structure protected by levee and floodwall 520px (1).png|300px|thumb|right|Floodwall and levee protects building from flood water (Reduce Flood Risk, 2022)<ref>Reduce Flood Risk. 2022. Construct a floodwall barrier. https://www.reducefloodrisk.org/mitigation/construct-a-floodwall-barrier/</ref>.]]
*Levees & Floodwalls: Protect against riverine and coastal flooding.
*'''[[Wet ponds|Detention ponds and stormwater basins]]''' store excess runoff and release it gradually.
*'''Underground stormwater storage''' can help prevents sewer overflows. For example, the 4km long West Beaches Storage Tunnel in Toronto stores and treats combined sewer overflows and stormwater to prevent untreated sewage from entering Lake Ontario. It helps prevent localized flooding by collecting and storing water and uses [[sedimentation]] and UV disinfection to improve water quality (McNally, 2017) <ref name=McNally>McNally. 2017. Western Beaches Tunnel – Toronto, ON. http://mcnally.ca/tunneling-projects/western-beaches-tunnel-toronto/#:~:text=Project%20Outline,pump%20station%20at%20Strachan%20Avenue.</ref>.
*'''Levees and floodwalls''' are most often used to protect against riverine and coastal flooding, and can also be used around buildings to protect from overland flooding.
===Green Infrastructure & LID Solutions===
===Green Infrastructure & LID Solutions===