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Line 1: + − [[File:Causes-for-urban-floods-based-on-Jiang-Zevenbergen-18.png|400px|thumb|right|<ref>: Kumar, N., Liu, X., Narayanasamydamodaran, S., Pandey, K.K. 2021. A Systematic Review Comparing Urban Flood Management Practices in India to China’s Sponge City Program. Sustainability, 13, 6346. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116346</ref>]]
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[[File:Causes-for-urban-floods-based-on-Jiang-Zevenbergen-18.png|400px|thumb|right|<ref>: Kumar, N., Liu, X., Narayanasamydamodaran, S., Pandey, K.K. 2021. A Systematic Review Comparing Urban Flood Management Practices in India to China’s Sponge City Program. Sustainability, 13, 6346. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116346</ref>]]
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==Introduction==
==Introduction==
Flooding is a major environmental and economic challenge, particularly in urban areas where impervious surfaces prevent natural infiltration. [[Climate change]] is increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events, exacerbating flood risks. Flood mitigation strategies that incorporate Low Impact Development (LID), traditional stormwater management, and hybrid infrastructure can manage stormwater effectively and reduce flood impacts.
Flooding is a major environmental and economic challenge, particularly in urban areas where impervious surfaces prevent natural infiltration. [[Climate change]] is increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events, exacerbating flood risks. Flood mitigation strategies that incorporate Low Impact Development (LID), traditional stormwater management, and hybrid infrastructure can manage stormwater effectively and reduce flood impacts.