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===How is it being used?===
 
===How is it being used?===
*Biochar additions to green roof substrate were tested at the University of Toronto. Biochar-amended sedum green roofs presented the best integrated water quality, including reduced discharge concentrations of dissolved P (Liao et al., 2024)<ref>Liao, W., Sidhu, V., Sifton, M., Margolis, L., Drake, J., Thomas, S. 2024. Biochar and vegetation effects on discharge water quality from organic-substrate green roofs,</ref>.
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*Biochar additions to [[Green roofs|green roof]] substrate were tested at the University of Toronto. Biochar-amended sedum green roofs presented the best integrated water quality, including reduced discharge concentrations of dissolved P (Liao et al., 2024)<ref>Liao, W., Sidhu, V., Sifton, M., Margolis, L., Drake, J., Thomas, S. 2024. Biochar and vegetation effects on discharge water quality from organic-substrate green roofs,</ref>.
 
*Ongoing biochar research at the British Columbia Institute of Technology is testing the response of native plants to various soil/biochar mixes to be used in [[Rain gardens|rain gardens]] and the comparison of biochar with different physico-chemical characteristics in chemical contaminants removal efficacy (BCIT, 2025) <ref>BCIT. 2025. Biochar Amended Soil Matrix for Green Stormwater Infrastructure. https://commons.bcit.ca/nbs/rain-gardens-bioretention-cells/</ref>.
 
*Ongoing biochar research at the British Columbia Institute of Technology is testing the response of native plants to various soil/biochar mixes to be used in [[Rain gardens|rain gardens]] and the comparison of biochar with different physico-chemical characteristics in chemical contaminants removal efficacy (BCIT, 2025) <ref>BCIT. 2025. Biochar Amended Soil Matrix for Green Stormwater Infrastructure. https://commons.bcit.ca/nbs/rain-gardens-bioretention-cells/</ref>.
 
*A [[Bioretention|bioretention]] system in China used biochar layered with or mixed into lateritic red soil, with some success in contaminant removal. The mixed biochar–soil design achieved the highest water retention, and both biochar-amended systems removed more contaminants (TN, NH₃-N, NO₃⁻, TP, PO₄³⁻, and Cu) than systems without biochar (Premarantha et al., 2023) <ref>Premarathna, K. S. D., Biswas, J. K., Kumar, M., Varjani, S., Mickan, B., Show, P. L., Lau, S. Y., Novo, L. A. B., & Vithanage, M. 2023. Biofilters and bioretention systems: the role of biochar in the blue-green city concept for
 
*A [[Bioretention|bioretention]] system in China used biochar layered with or mixed into lateritic red soil, with some success in contaminant removal. The mixed biochar–soil design achieved the highest water retention, and both biochar-amended systems removed more contaminants (TN, NH₃-N, NO₃⁻, TP, PO₄³⁻, and Cu) than systems without biochar (Premarantha et al., 2023) <ref>Premarathna, K. S. D., Biswas, J. K., Kumar, M., Varjani, S., Mickan, B., Show, P. L., Lau, S. Y., Novo, L. A. B., & Vithanage, M. 2023. Biofilters and bioretention systems: the role of biochar in the blue-green city concept for

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