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Line 4: − [[File:LittaTrapV2.png|400px|thumb|right|LittaTrap catchbasin insert filters trash, debris, and sediment from runoff before it enters the catchbasin (Enviropod, 2022).<ref>Enviropod. 2022. https://www.enviropod.com/en-ca/products/littatrap</ref>]] Line 11:
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==Applications==
==Applications==
Stormwater practices that use filtration as a mechanism for treatment of runoff include:
Stormwater practices that use filtration as a mechanism for treatment of runoff include:
*[[Bioretention]] technologies have been shown to effectively filter sediment from parking lot, road and residential runoff (STEP, 2019).<ref>Sustainable Technologies Evaluation Program. 2019. Comparative Performance Assessment of Bioretention in Ontario. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2019/10/STEP_Bioretention-Synthesis_Tech-Brief-New-Template-2019-Oct-10.-2019.pdf</ref>
*[[Bioretention]] technologies have been shown to effectively filter sediment from parking lot, road and residential runoff (STEP, 2019).<ref>Sustainable Technologies Evaluation Program. 2019. Comparative Performance Assessment of Bioretention in Ontario. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2019/10/STEP_Bioretention-Synthesis_Tech-Brief-New-Template-2019-Oct-10.-2019.pdf</ref>
*[[Stormwater planters]] filter runoff through a planting bed of filter media and can be installed in tight urban spaces
*[[Stormwater planters]] filter runoff through a planting bed of filter media and can be installed in tight urban spaces
*[[Pretreatment]] options, such as [[Vegetated filter strips|vegetated filter strips]] and catch basin inserts
*[[Pretreatment]] options, such as [[Vegetated filter strips|vegetated filter strips]] and catch basin inserts
{{:Filtration: Gallery}}
==Key system design parameters==
==Key system design parameters==
[[File:MaintenancePICP.png|thumb|300px|Vehicle used for vacuum maintenance of permeable pavements. ]]
[[File:MaintenancePICP.png|thumb|300px|Vehicle used for vacuum maintenance of permeable pavements. ]]
[[Inspections and maintenance#Practice-specific Inspection and Maintenance|Practice-specific maintenance guides]] are available for each LID BMP. General maintenance considerations for filter-based LIDs include:
[[Inspections and maintenance#Practice-specific Inspection and Maintenance|Practice-specific maintenance guides]] are available for each LID BMP. General maintenance considerations for filter-based LIDs include:
*'''Inspection and maintenance frequency''': Routine inspections and maintenance are needed to assess and resolve issues, such as [[Sedimentation|sediment]] buildup. [[Maintenance, Rehabilitation and Repair|Frequency of visits]] depends on a variety of factors. LID BMP designs should include safe access for maintenance and inspection crews and confined space entry procedures should be considered for subsurface systems. [[Monitoring]] should also be undertaken to assess function.
*'''[[Inspections and maintenance|Inspection and maintenance frequency]]''': Routine inspections and maintenance are needed to assess and resolve issues, such as [[Sedimentation|sediment]] buildup. [[Maintenance, Rehabilitation and Repair|Frequency of visits]] depends on a variety of factors. LID BMP designs should include safe access for maintenance and inspection crews and confined space entry procedures should be considered for subsurface systems. [[Monitoring]] should also be undertaken to assess function.
*'''Sediment removal''': Filters can become [[clogging|clogged]] with sediment, organic material, and trash, reducing flow capacity and treatment performance. When solid particles form a film on the filter's surface or accumulate within the media channels, higher pressure is needed to drive stormwater through the filter. Eventually, a point is reached at which flow through the treatment system must be redirected to another flow path (usually a bypass within or upstream of the system). Regular vacuuming or manual removal of accumulated materials is commonly required.
*'''Sediment removal''': Filters can become [[clogging|clogged]] with sediment, organic material, and trash, reducing flow capacity and treatment performance. When solid particles form a film on the filter's surface or accumulate within the media channels, higher pressure is needed to drive stormwater through the filter. Eventually, a point is reached at which flow through the treatment system must be redirected to another flow path (usually a bypass within or upstream of the system). Regular vacuuming or manual removal of accumulated materials is commonly required.
*'''Media replacement''': Filter bed media can lose effectiveness over time due to clogging, chemical saturation, erosion, animal burrows, and compaction. Media may need to be replaced, regraded, or core aerated.
*'''[[Sorbtive media|Media]] replacement''': Filter bed media can lose effectiveness over time due to clogging, chemical saturation, erosion, animal burrows, and compaction. Media may need to be replaced, regraded, or core aerated.
*'''Overflow bypass functionality''': Ensure [[overflow|bypass]] structures are functioning to prevent flooding or erosion when filters are clogged or overwhelmed by large runoff events.
*'''[[overflow|Overflow bypass functionality]]''': Ensure bypass structures are functioning to prevent flooding or erosion when filters are clogged or overwhelmed by large runoff events.
==References==
==References==