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Natural wetlands are ecosystems that have developed over time, providing diverse habitats and naturally filtering water through complex biological and physical processes. Constructed wetlands, on the other hand, are designed and built to mimic these natural functions, targeting specific water quality goals and pollutant removal. They are a cost-effective and efficient method widely used in North America to treat various wastewaters, such as stormwater, sewage, and agricultural runoff. A facility is normally characterized as a wetland if shallow zones (<0.5 m deep) make up more than 70 % of its volume.
Natural wetlands are ecosystems that have developed over time, providing diverse habitats and naturally filtering water through complex biological and physical processes. Constructed wetlands, on the other hand, are designed and built to mimic these natural functions, targeting specific water quality goals and pollutant removal. They are a cost-effective and efficient method widely used in North America to treat various wastewaters, such as stormwater, sewage, and agricultural runoff. The Ontario Wetland Evaluation System defines wetlands as:
<blockquote style="background-color:#f9f9f9; border-left:4px solid #ccc; padding:10px; margin:1em 0;">
"Lands that are seasonally or permanently flooded by shallow water as well as lands where the water table is close to or at the surface; in either case, the presence of abundant water has caused the formation of hydric soils and has favoured the dominance of either hydrophytic or water-tolerant plants. The four major types of wetlands are swamps, marshes, bogs, and fens."<ref>Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry. 2017.
A Wetland Conservation Strategy for Ontario 2017–2030. https://www.ontario.ca/page/wetland-conservation-strategy</ref>
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==Planning considerations==
==Planning considerations==
Constructed wetlands differ based on how water travels through the system<ref>Grant, N., M. Moodie, and C. Weedon. 2000. Sewage Treatment Solutions. p. 35–67. In Sewage Solutions: Answering the Call of Nature. Centre for Alternative Technology Publications.</ref><ref name="EPA">United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1995. A handbook of constructed wetlands: A guide to creating wetlands for agricultural wastewater, domestic wastewater, coal mine drainage and stormwater.</ref><ref name="JW">Jacques Whitford Consultants, 2008. Constructed and engineered wetlands. p. 1-21</ref>:
Constructed wetlands differ based on how water travels through the system<ref>Grant, N., M. Moodie, and C. Weedon. 2000. Sewage Treatment Solutions. p. 35–67. In Sewage Solutions: Answering the Call of Nature. Centre for Alternative Technology Publications.</ref><ref name="EPA">United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1995. A handbook of constructed wetlands: A guide to creating wetlands for agricultural wastewater, domestic wastewater, coal mine drainage and stormwater.</ref><ref name="JW">Jacques Whitford Consultants, 2008. Constructed and engineered wetlands. p. 1-21</ref>:
*Free-water surface flow wetlands have water exposed on the surface, which provides excellent water quality treatment but may pose health and safety risks. Free-water surface flow wetlands are most commonly employed for stormwater treatment and are similar to [[SWM ponds]] in function and design. However, ponds and wetlands differ by the extent to which shallow zones for wetland [[plants]] are incorporated. A facility is normally characterized as a wet pond if shallow zones (<0.5 m deep) comprise less than 20% of its surface area.
*Free-water surface flow wetlands have water exposed on the surface, which provides excellent water quality treatment but may pose health and safety risks. Free-water surface flow wetlands are most commonly employed for stormwater treatment and are similar to [[SWM ponds]] in function and design. However, ponds and wetlands differ by the extent to which shallow zones for wetland [[plants]] are incorporated. A facility is normally characterized as a wet pond if shallow zones (<0.5 m deep) comprise less than 20% of its surface area, while a facility is normally characterized as a wetland if shallow zones (<0.5 m deep) make up more than 70 % of its volume.
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