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'''Membranes''' have very thin separation lattices with openings or pores that remove all particles larger than the nominal pore size of the filter at the surface, thereby acting much like a sieve. Membranes are often pleated to increase the surface area, allowing for more particles to be trapped prior to clogging.
'''Membranes''' have very thin separation lattices with openings or pores that remove all particles larger than the nominal pore size of the filter at the surface, thereby acting much like a sieve. Membranes are often pleated to increase the surface area, allowing for more particles to be trapped prior to clogging.
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Some filters include [[additives]] such as zeolite or iron to enhance the contaminant removal process for target water quality variables by increasing chemical adsorption and/or precipitation.