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Line 10: + + − {| class="wikitable"+ − |-+ − !style="width: 25%"|Trench drains+ − !style="width: 25%"|[[Curb cuts]]+ − !style="width: 25%"|Inlet sumps+ − !style="width: 25%"|Depressed drains+ − |-+ − |+ − *A long, covered channel that collects directs water into the BMP. + − *An excellent solution for streets where walking across the entire surface is to be encouraged. They can be designed as detectable edges or part of a detectable edge, and may be used to help define curbless or 'complete streets'.+ − *Trenches may either be shallow (where runoff volume is less of an issue) or deep and covered by a metal grate. Deeper trench drains may gather sediment and require frequent maintenance.+ − *Drains may be configured either perpendicular or parallel to the flow direction of the roadway, collecting runoff and directing to a single inlet in the BMP.+ − |+ − *Inlet aprons or depressions increase inflow effectiveness of curb cuts. + − *Steeply angled aprons can be hazardous, especially to people bicycling. Curbside and protected bike lanes along concrete aprons should be at least 1.8 m to give cyclists adequate clear width from the curb and any pavement seams. Aprons can also be marked visually to indicate their perimeter. + − *For aprons into [[bioretention]], the curb may angle into the cell to improve conveyance of gutter flow into the facility. Aprons typically drop 50 mm into the bioretention cell, with another 50 mm drop behind the curb to maintain inflow as debris collects.+ − *A depressed concrete apron can be cast in place or retrofitted in by grinding down the existing concrete pavement.+ − *Where the curb alignment along the street is straight, the curb opening may optionally have a bar across the top of the inlet. + − + − *An inlet sump is recommended to settle and separate sediment from runoff where a large amount of debris is expected.+ − *Water drains into a catch basin, where debris settles in its sump. After [[pretreatment]], water drains via a pipe or opening into the BMP.+ − *The sump can be directly connected to a perforated [[underdrain]] pipe to distribute the flow to the [[bioretention]], supported [[soil cells]] or underground practices such a [[trenches]] or [[chambers]] .+ − *Sump inlets should not be sited where pedestrians will have to negotiate with them.+ − |+ − *Runoff in the gutter drops into a grate-covered drain before flowing into the BMP. Drain covers must be compatible with bicycling and walking; grid covers are preferred.+ − *Depressed drains are a potential solution for bioretention cells on sloped streets where directing runoff into the cell is a challenge.+ − *This style of inlet can be combined with a curb cut, to maintain capacity in case debris clogs the grate.+ − |-+ − |style="vertical-align: top;"|{{:Trench drains: Gallery}}+ − |style="vertical-align: top;"|{{:Curb cuts: Gallery}}+ − |style="vertical-align: top;"|{{:Inlet sumps: Gallery}}+ − |style="vertical-align: top;"|{{:Depressed drains: Gallery}}+ − |}+ + +
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==Overview==
Concentrated flow inlets are associated with LID practices such as [[Bioretention]], [[Stormwater planters]], [[Infiltration trenches]] and [[infiltration chambers|chambers]].
Concentrated flow inlets are associated with LID practices such as [[Bioretention]], [[Stormwater planters]], [[Infiltration trenches]] and [[infiltration chambers|chambers]].
Sheet flow alternatives include [[level spreaders]], [[gravel diaphragms]] and [[vegetated filter strips]].
Sheet flow alternatives include [[level spreaders]], [[gravel diaphragms]] and [[vegetated filter strips]].
It is recommended to include multiple inlets, sized to distribute inflow along the length of the practice or between multiple facilities, where feasible, rather than concentrating all inflow into a single location. ([[Overflow|Offline overflow]]).
It is recommended to include multiple inlets, sized to distribute inflow along the length of the practice or between multiple facilities, where feasible, rather than concentrating all inflow into a single location. ([[Overflow|Offline overflow]]).
==Trench drains==
Trench drains are long, covered channels that collect and direct water into the BMP. They are an excellent solution for streets where walking across the entire surface is to be encouraged. They can be designed as detectable edges or part of a detectable edge, and may be used to help define curbless or 'complete streets'.
Trenches may either be shallow (where runoff volume is less of an issue) or deep and covered by a metal grate. Deeper trench drains may gather sediment and require frequent maintenance.
Drains may be configured either perpendicular or parallel to the flow direction of the roadway, collecting runoff and directing to a single inlet in the BMP.
{{:Trench drains: Gallery}}
==Curb cuts==
[[Curb cuts]] are breaks along the length of a curb system to allow water to flow into a LID/BMP.
Inlet aprons or depressions increase inflow effectiveness of curb cuts. Steeply angled aprons can be hazardous, especially to people bicycling. Curbside and protected bike lanes along concrete aprons should be at least 1.8 m to give cyclists adequate clear width from the curb and any pavement seams. Aprons can also be marked visually to indicate their perimeter.
For aprons into [[bioretention]], the curb may angle into the cell to improve conveyance of gutter flow into the facility. Aprons typically drop 50 mm into the bioretention cell, with another 50 mm drop behind the curb to maintain inflow as debris collects.
A depressed concrete apron can be cast in place or retrofitted in by grinding down the existing concrete pavement.
Where the curb alignment along the street is straight, the curb opening may optionally have a bar across the top of the inlet.
{{:Curb cuts: Gallery}}
<gallery mode="packed" widths=200px heights=200px>
County Court Blvd biofilter spillway inlet and CB overflow.jpg|OPSD 605.040 Asphalt Spillway inlet to biofilter swale and road catch basin overflow outlet. County Court Blvd., Brampton, ON.
Curb inlet Miss Rd.jpg|This curb cut has been sawn into existing concrete as part of a retrofit. Note the temporary (erosion log) and permanent [[stone]] erosion control measures in place. Mississauga Road, ON.
LSRCA curb.jpg| [[Curb cuts|Curb cut]] used as a controlled [[overflow]] route from [[permeable paving]] to a [[bioretention]] facility with monitoring well, Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority, Newmarket, ON.
|
Curb cut CNT.jpg| Curb cut into a bioretention facility in Hinsdale, IL. [[Stone]] in the center of the facility reduces erosion and dissipates power inflow around the [[Inlets|inlet]] area. A monitoring/maintenance [[well]] can be seen in the foreground. Photo credit: [[Acknowledgements|CNT]]
Curb cut AV.jpg | Curb cut into a bioretention facility in Brown Deer, WI. Stone is used to reduce erosion around the inlet area. Photo credit: [[Acknowledgements|Aaron Volkening]]
Ajax_curb_inlet.JPG| Curb cut into a bioretention facility in Ajax, ON.
IMAX Stone Inlet.jpeg| [[Stone]] lined inlet at IMAX site in Mississauga
Curb inlet grade.jpg| The [[grading]] around this inlet prevents flow in the correct direction. i.e. from the pavement onto the grass. Not too critical in this example, as the surface is [[permeable paving]].
</gallery>
==Inlet sumps==
An inlet sump is recommended to settle and separate sediments from runoff where a large amount of debris is expected. Water drains into a catch basin, where debris settles in its sump. After [[pretreatment]], water drains via a pipe or opening into the BMP. The sump can be directly connected to a perforated [[underdrain]] pipe to distribute the flow to the [[bioretention]], supported [[soil cells]] or underground practices such as [[trenches]] or [[chambers]].
Sump inlets should not be sited where pedestrians will have to negotiate with them.
{{:Inlet sumps: Gallery}}
==Street gutter drains==
Runoff in the gutter drops into a grate-covered drain before flowing into the BMP. Drain covers must be compatible with bicycling and walking; grid covers are preferred.
Depressed drains are a potential solution for bioretention cells on sloped streets where directing runoff into the cell is a challenge.
This style of inlet can be combined with a curb cut, to maintain capacity in case debris clogs the grate.
{{:Street gutter drains: Gallery}}
==External links==
==External links==
https://nacto.org/publication/urban-street-stormwater-guide/stormwater-elements/bioretention-design-considerations/inlet-design/
https://nacto.org/publication/urban-street-stormwater-guide/stormwater-elements/bioretention-design-considerations/inlet-design/