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Line 1: − [[File:Exfilt syst.png|thumb|400px|A schematic of a standard exfiltration system integrated with conventional stormwater conveyance systems (catch basins, stormwater pipes and pipes and maintenance/manholes).]] − − − Exfiltration trenches are similar to [[infiltration trenches]] but differ primarily in the the manner in which stormwater is delivered to the trench.<br> − Runoff enters infiltration trenches directly by infiltration from the surface. In exfiltration systems, surface runoff is collected by drainage [[inlets]] and delivered to the trench via subsurface perforated [[pipes]]. − {{TOClimit|2}} − ==Overview== − Line 20:
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File:Exfitlration .gif|thumb|600px|Typical flow pathway through one section of the Etobicoke Exfiltration system (see performance report for further details) For more details click [https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2013/03/Exfil_ES.pdf here.] <span style="color:red">''A note: The following is an "image map", feel free to explore the image with your cursor and click on highlighted labels that appear to take you to corresponding pages on the Wiki.''</span>
File:Exfitlration .gif|thumb|600px|Typical flow pathway through one section of the Etobicoke Exfiltration system (see performance report for further details) For more details click [https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2013/03/Exfil_ES.pdf here.] <span style="color:red">''A note: The following is an "image map", feel free to explore the image with your cursor and click on highlighted labels that appear to take you to corresponding pages on the Wiki.''</span>
Exfiltration trenches are similar to [[infiltration trenches]] but differ primarily inthe manner in which stormwater is delivered to the trench.<br>
Runoff enters infiltration trenches directly by infiltration from the surface. In exfiltration systems, surface runoff is collected by drainage [[inlets]] and delivered to the trench via subsurface perforated [[pipes]].
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==Overview==
Exfiltration systems can be thought of as infiltration trenches that are integrated with conventional stormwater conveyance systems (i.e. catch basins, solid pipes and maintenance holes), designed for both conveyance and [[infiltration]] of excess stormwater.
Exfiltration systems can be thought of as infiltration trenches that are integrated with conventional stormwater conveyance systems (i.e. catch basins, solid pipes and maintenance holes), designed for both conveyance and [[infiltration]] of excess stormwater.
By attenuating runoff volume, they reduce contaminant loads delivered to downstream BMPs, end-of-pipe facilities or receiving waterbodies.
By attenuating runoff volume, they reduce contaminant loads delivered to downstream BMPs, end-of-pipe facilities or receiving waterbodies.
*All new road/storm sewer constructions where no constraints to infiltration exist,
*All new road/storm sewer constructions where no constraints to infiltration exist,
*Tight urban spaces where no landscaped practices can be squeezed in, and there is a low risk tolerance for flooding.}}
*Tight urban spaces where no landscaped practices can be squeezed in, and there is a low risk tolerance for flooding.}}
[[File:Exfilt syst.png|thumb|500px|A schematic of a standard exfiltration system integrated with conventional stormwater conveyance systems (catch basins, stormwater pipes and pipes and maintenance/manholes).]]
Take a look at the downloadable Exfiltration Trench Systems Factsheet below for a .pdf overview of this LID Best Management Practice:
Take a look at the downloadable Exfiltration Trench Systems Factsheet below for a .pdf overview of this LID Best Management Practice:
{{Clickable button|[[File:Exfiltration.png|150 px|link=https://wiki.sustainabletechnologies.ca/images/4/4e/Exfiltration_systems_final.pdf]]}}
{{Clickable button|[[File:Exfiltration.png|150px|link=https://wiki.sustainabletechnologies.ca/images/4/4e/Exfiltration_systems_final.pdf]]}}
*[[Geotextile]] to prevent migration of fines into the reservoir;
*[[Geotextile]] to prevent migration of fines into the reservoir;
*Trench plugs to help disperse stormwater throughout the trench and enhance infiltration; and
*Trench plugs to help disperse stormwater throughout the trench and enhance infiltration; and
*Perforated maintenance hole or catch basin risers.
*Perforated maintenance hole or catch basin risers.
Exfiltration systems can be used in place of conventional storm sewer pipes, where topography, water table depth, and [[water quality]] conditions are suitable. They are suitable for treating runoff from roofs, walkways, parking lots and low to medium traffic roads, with adequate [[pretreatment]].
Exfiltration systems can be used in place of conventional storm sewer pipes, where topography, water table depth, and [[water quality]] conditions are suitable. They are suitable for treating runoff from roofs, walkways, parking lots and low to medium traffic roads, with adequate [[pretreatment]].
Systems should be located below shoulders of roadways, [[permeable pavements]] or [[swales]] where they can be readily excavated for servicing. An adequate subsurface area outside of the 4 m setback from building foundations and suitable distance from other underground utilities must be available.
Systems should be located below shoulders of roadways, [[permeable pavements]] or [[swales]] where they can be readily excavated for servicing. An adequate subsurface area outside of the 4 m setback from building foundations and suitable distance from other underground utilities must be available.
===Infiltration===
For information about constraints to infiltration practices, and approaches and tools for identifying and designing within them see [[Infiltration]].
===Native Soil===
Exfiltration trench systems can be constructed over any soil type, but hydrologic soil group (HSG) A or B soils are best for achieving water balance and erosion control objectives. Facilities should be located on portions of the site with the highest infiltration rates. Native soil infiltration rate at the proposed facility location and depth should be confirmed through in-situ measurements of hydraulic conductivity under field saturated conditions. For guidance on infiltration testing and selecting a design infiltration rate see [[Design infiltration rate]].
===Site Topography===
===Site Topography===
Systems cannot be located on natural slopes > 15 %.
Systems cannot be located on natural slopes > 15 %.
For more information on planning considerations and site constraints see [[Infiltration trenches]].
For a table summarizing information on planning considerations and site constraints see [[Site considerations]].
==Design==
==Design==
===Drawings===
===Drawings===
Standard details for exfiltration trenches have been produced by City of Kitchener and City of Barrie. See [[Drawings]]
Standard details for exfiltration trenches have been produced by City of Kitchener and City of Barrie. See [[Drawings]]
==Inspection and Maintenance==
Routine inspection and maintenance consists of checking and cleaning trash, debris and sediment from [[pretreatment]] devices, [[inlets]] and [[overflow|outlets]] twice a year in the spring and/or late fall, or when pretreatment device sump is half full. Use hydro-vac truck to remove sediment from catch basin sumps, [[OGS]] and isolated chamber row filter pre-treatment devices. To clean isolated chamber row filters use a vacuum truck equipped with rear-facing jet nozzle for cleaning large diameter pipes or culverts.
Monitoring of storage reservoir water level during and after natural or simulated storm events using the monitoring well should be performed periodically to verify the facility drains within the required drainage time (typically 72 hours). Should be performed as part of inspections following construction or major rehabilitation prior to assumption, and every 15 years at a minimum, to track drainage performance over time and determine when replacement is needed. <br>
</br>
Take a look at the [[Inspection and Maintenance: Underground Infiltration Systems]] page by clicking below for further details about proper inspection and maintenance practices:
{{Clickable button|[[File:Cover page underground.PNG|150px|link=https://wiki.sustainabletechnologies.ca/wiki/Inspection_and_Maintenance:_Underground_Infiltration_System]]}}
==Gallery==
==Gallery==
{{:Exfiltration:_Gallery}}
{{:Exfiltration:_Gallery}}
==Materials==
==Materials==
{{:Reservoir aggregate}}
{{:Reservoir aggregate}}
*https://www.chijournal.org/C390
*https://www.chijournal.org/C390
*http://www.civil.ryerson.ca/seminar/Papers/Draft%20Design%20manual%20of%20EES%20by%20Tran%20and%20Li%207-24-2015.pdf
*http://www.civil.ryerson.ca/seminar/Papers/Draft%20Design%20manual%20of%20EES%20by%20Tran%20and%20Li%207-24-2015.pdf
==References==
[[Category:Infiltration]]
[[Category: Green infrastructure]]