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Line 19: − *'''Wind erosion''': Dry, bare soils moved by wind. − + +
→Types of erosion
Runoff is the primary cause of erosion in urban areas (Ferreira et al., 2021) <ref>Ferreira, C., Kalantari, Z., Seifollahi-Aghmiuni, S., Ghajarnia, N., Rahmati, O., Solomun, K.M. 2021. Chapter 21 - Rainfall-runoff-erosion processes in urban areas. Pages 481-498. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822699-5.00018-5 </ref>, where [[Reducing impervious area|impervious surfaces]] and vegetation removal increase the volume and speed of surface water. As runoff flows over the land, it detaches and transports soil particles. Wind and gravity can also contribute to erosion, particularly in dry or steeply sloped areas. Types of erosion include (Government of Alberta, 2021<ref>Government of Alberta. 2011. Erosion Control Manual. https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/aaae5384-c0e0-4421-9fd8-6ab835c6f3af/resource/f3734079-ebae-4872-bf6c-96831ffce9b2/download/trans-erosion-and-sediment-control-manual-section-4.pdf</ref>; STEP, 2019<ref>STEP. 2019. The Erosion and Sediment Control Guide for Urban Construction. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2020/01/ESC-Guide-for-Urban-Construction_FINAL.pdf</ref>):
Runoff is the primary cause of erosion in urban areas (Ferreira et al., 2021) <ref>Ferreira, C., Kalantari, Z., Seifollahi-Aghmiuni, S., Ghajarnia, N., Rahmati, O., Solomun, K.M. 2021. Chapter 21 - Rainfall-runoff-erosion processes in urban areas. Pages 481-498. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822699-5.00018-5 </ref>, where [[Reducing impervious area|impervious surfaces]] and vegetation removal increase the volume and speed of surface water. As runoff flows over the land, it detaches and transports soil particles. Wind and gravity can also contribute to erosion, particularly in dry or steeply sloped areas. Types of erosion include (Government of Alberta, 2021<ref>Government of Alberta. 2011. Erosion Control Manual. https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/aaae5384-c0e0-4421-9fd8-6ab835c6f3af/resource/f3734079-ebae-4872-bf6c-96831ffce9b2/download/trans-erosion-and-sediment-control-manual-section-4.pdf</ref>; STEP, 2019<ref>STEP. 2019. The Erosion and Sediment Control Guide for Urban Construction. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2020/01/ESC-Guide-for-Urban-Construction_FINAL.pdf</ref>):
*'''Raindrop (splash) erosion''': Raindrop impact dislodges soil particles.
*'''Raindrop (splash) erosion''': Raindrop impact dislodges soil particles.
*'''Sheet erosion''': Thin, even layers of soil are removed when water flows over the surface.
*'''Sheet erosion''': Thin, even layers of soil are removed when water flows over the surface.
*'''Rill erosion''': Small channels form on slopes as runoff concentrates and cuts into the soil.
*'''Rill erosion''': Small channels form on slopes as runoff concentrates and cuts into the soil.
*'''Gully erosion''': Larger channels form when rills enlarge or combine.
*'''Gully erosion''': Larger channels form when rills enlarge or combine.
*'''Channel erosion''': Erosion of stream or ditch banks and beds.
*'''Channel erosion''': Erosion of stream or ditch banks and beds.
*'''Wind erosion''': Dry, bare soils moved by wind.
*'''Gravitational erosion''': Mass movement of soil down slope due to gravity.
*'''Gravitational erosion''': Mass movement of soil down slope due to gravity.
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