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→Planning for climate change in LID design
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*A study based in Toronto predicted that there could a decrease in peak flow reduction provided by green roofs in the future (Guram & Bashir, 2024) <ref name=Guram>Guram, S., & Bashir, R. (2024). Designing effective low-impact developments for a changing climate: A HYDRUS-based vadose zone modeling approach. Water, 16(13), 1803. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16131803</ref>.
*A study based in Toronto predicted that there could a decrease in peak flow reduction provided by green roofs in the future (Guram & Bashir, 2024) <ref name=Guram>Guram, S., & Bashir, R. (2024). Designing effective low-impact developments for a changing climate: A HYDRUS-based vadose zone modeling approach. Water, 16(13), 1803. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16131803</ref>.
*Knappe et al. (2023) <ref>Knappe, S., van Afferden, M., & Friesen, J. (2023). GR2L: A robust dual-layer [[green roof]] water balance model to assess multifunctionality aspects under climate variability. Frontiers in Climate, 5, Article 1115595. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2023.1115595</ref> modelled dual-layer (upper vegetated substrate layer and a lower retention layer separated by a distribution fleece) roof designs to investigate water balance outcomes (storage, outflow, evapotranspiration) under wet and dry climactic extremes. During extreme climate years in Germany, the roof with the largest retention volume was estimated to provide more evaporative cooling and retention of heavy rainfall events without outflow in summer, demonstrating potential for a more climate-resilient design.
*Knappe et al. (2023) <ref>Knappe, S., van Afferden, M., & Friesen, J. (2023). GR2L: A robust dual-layer green roof water balance model to assess multifunctionality aspects under climate variability. Frontiers in Climate, 5, Article 1115595. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2023.1115595</ref> modelled dual-layer (upper vegetated substrate layer and a lower retention layer separated by a distribution fleece) roof designs to investigate water balance outcomes (storage, outflow, evapotranspiration) under wet and dry climactic extremes. During extreme climate years in Germany, the roof with the largest retention volume was estimated to provide more evaporative cooling and retention of heavy rainfall events without outflow in summer, demonstrating potential for a more climate-resilient design.
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|[[Bioretention]]
|[[Bioretention]]
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*Hydrological performance of [[bioretention systems]] may decrease as changing rainfall patterns in Ontario increase ponding depth and time (Guram & Bashir, 2024) <ref name=Guram>Guram, S., & Bashir, R. (2024). Designing effective low-impact developments for a changing climate: A HYDRUS-based vadose zone modeling approach. Water, 16(13), 1803. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16131803</ref>.
*Hydrological performance of bioretention systems may decrease as changing rainfall patterns in Ontario increase ponding depth and time (Guram & Bashir, 2024) <ref name=Guram>Guram, S., & Bashir, R. (2024). Designing effective low-impact developments for a changing climate: A HYDRUS-based vadose zone modeling approach. Water, 16(13), 1803. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16131803</ref>.
*[[Bioretention]] cell performance was simulated by Tirpak et al. (2021) <ref> Tirpak, R. A., Hathaway, J. M., Khojandi, A., Weathers, M., & Epps, T. H. (2021). Building resiliency to climate change uncertainty through bioretention design modifications. Journal of Environmental Management, 287, 112300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112300</ref> using the USEPA Storm Water Management Model to evaluate how design modifications could enhance system resilience under future climate conditions projected for Knoxville, Tennessee. Results show that expanding the bioretention surface area relative to the contributing catchment yields the strongest performance benefits under future climate conditions, especially in areas with low native soil infiltration rate.
*Bioretention cell performance was simulated by Tirpak et al. (2021) <ref> Tirpak, R. A., Hathaway, J. M., Khojandi, A., Weathers, M., & Epps, T. H. (2021). Building resiliency to climate change uncertainty through bioretention design modifications. Journal of Environmental Management, 287, 112300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112300</ref> using the USEPA Storm Water Management Model to evaluate how design modifications could enhance system resilience under future climate conditions projected for Knoxville, Tennessee. Results show that expanding the bioretention surface area relative to the contributing catchment yields the strongest performance benefits under future climate conditions, especially in areas with low native soil infiltration rate.
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|[[Permeable pavements]]
|[[Permeable pavements]]