Changes

==Types of erosion==

==Types of erosion==

[[File:TypesofErosion.png|500px|thumb|right|Types of erosion (CISEC, 2011)<ref>CISEC Canada. 2011. Certified Inspector of Sediment and Erosion Control Training Manual. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2019/11/Manual-2019-Fed_Oct2019.pdf</ref>.]]

[[File:TypesofErosion.png|600px|thumb|right|Types of erosion (CISEC, 2011)<ref>CISEC Canada. 2011. Certified Inspector of Sediment and Erosion Control Training Manual. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2019/11/Manual-2019-Fed_Oct2019.pdf</ref>.]]

Runoff is the primary cause of erosion in urban areas (Ferreira et al., 2021) <ref>Ferreira, C., Kalantari, Z., Seifollahi-Aghmiuni, S., Ghajarnia, N., Rahmati, O., Solomun, K.M. 2021. Chapter 21 - Rainfall-runoff-erosion processes in urban areas. Pages 481-498. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822699-5.00018-5 </ref>, where [[Reducing impervious area|impervious surfaces]] and vegetation removal increase the volume and speed of surface water. As runoff flows over the land, it detaches and transports soil particles. Wind and gravity can also contribute to erosion, particularly in dry or steeply sloped areas. Types of erosion include (Government of Alberta, 2021<ref>Government of Alberta. 2011. Erosion Control Manual. https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/aaae5384-c0e0-4421-9fd8-6ab835c6f3af/resource/f3734079-ebae-4872-bf6c-96831ffce9b2/download/trans-erosion-and-sediment-control-manual-section-4.pdf</ref>; STEP, 2019<ref>STEP. 2019. The Erosion and Sediment Control Guide for Urban Construction. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2020/01/ESC-Guide-for-Urban-Construction_FINAL.pdf</ref>):  

Runoff is the primary cause of erosion in urban areas (Ferreira et al., 2021) <ref>Ferreira, C., Kalantari, Z., Seifollahi-Aghmiuni, S., Ghajarnia, N., Rahmati, O., Solomun, K.M. 2021. Chapter 21 - Rainfall-runoff-erosion processes in urban areas. Pages 481-498. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822699-5.00018-5 </ref>, where [[Reducing impervious area|impervious surfaces]] and vegetation removal increase the volume and speed of surface water. As runoff flows over the land, it detaches and transports soil particles. Wind and gravity can also contribute to erosion, particularly in dry or steeply sloped areas.  

 

{{textbox|Types of erosion include (Government of Alberta, 2021<ref>Government of Alberta. 2011. Erosion Control Manual. https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/aaae5384-c0e0-4421-9fd8-6ab835c6f3af/resource/f3734079-ebae-4872-bf6c-96831ffce9b2/download/trans-erosion-and-sediment-control-manual-section-4.pdf</ref>; STEP, 2019<ref>STEP. 2019. The Erosion and Sediment Control Guide for Urban Construction. https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2020/01/ESC-Guide-for-Urban-Construction_FINAL.pdf</ref>):  

*'''Raindrop (splash) erosion''': Raindrop impact dislodges soil particles.  

*'''Raindrop (splash) erosion''': Raindrop impact dislodges soil particles.  

*'''Channel erosion''': Erosion of stream or ditch banks and beds.

*'''Channel erosion''': Erosion of stream or ditch banks and beds.

*'''Wind erosion''': Dry, bare soils moved by wind.  

*'''Wind erosion''': Dry, bare soils moved by wind.  

*'''Gravitational erosion''': Mass movement of soil down slope due to gravity.

*'''Gravitational erosion''': Mass movement of soil down slope due to gravity.}}

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