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<p>Geotextiles prevent downward migration of smaller particles in to larger aggregates, and slump of heavier particles into finer underlying courses.
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Geotextiles can be used to prevent downward migration of smaller particles in to larger aggregates, and slump of heavier particles into finer underlying courses.
    <br> The formation of biofilm on geotextiles has also been shown to improve water quality:
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The formation of biofilm on geotextiles has also been shown to improve water quality:
 
*By degrading petroleum hydrocarbons<ref>Newman AP, Coupe SJ, Spicer GE, Lynch D, Robinson K. MAINTENANCE OF OIL-DEGRADING PERMEABLE PAVEMENTS: MICROBES, NUTRIENTS AND LONG-TERM WATER QUALITY PROVISION. https://www.icpi.org/sites/default/files/techpapers/1309.pdf. Accessed July 17, 2017.</ref>
 
*By degrading petroleum hydrocarbons<ref>Newman AP, Coupe SJ, Spicer GE, Lynch D, Robinson K. MAINTENANCE OF OIL-DEGRADING PERMEABLE PAVEMENTS: MICROBES, NUTRIENTS AND LONG-TERM WATER QUALITY PROVISION. https://www.icpi.org/sites/default/files/techpapers/1309.pdf. Accessed July 17, 2017.</ref>
 
*By reducing organic pollutant and nutrient concentrations <ref>Paul P, Tota-Maharaj K. Laboratory Studies on Granular Filters and Their Relationship to Geotextiles for Stormwater Pollutant Reduction. Water. 2015;7(4):1595-1609. doi:10.3390/w7041595.</ref>
 
*By reducing organic pollutant and nutrient concentrations <ref>Paul P, Tota-Maharaj K. Laboratory Studies on Granular Filters and Their Relationship to Geotextiles for Stormwater Pollutant Reduction. Water. 2015;7(4):1595-1609. doi:10.3390/w7041595.</ref>
</p>
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*When installing geotextiles an overlap of 150 - 300 mm should be used.
<p>When installing geotextiles an overlap of 150 - 300 mm should be used.</p>
   
Material specifications should conform to OPSS 1860 for Class II geotextile fabrics
 
Material specifications should conform to OPSS 1860 for Class II geotextile fabrics
 
<ref>ONTARIO PROVINCIAL STANDARD SPECIFICATION METRIC OPSS 1860 MATERIAL SPECIFICATION FOR GEOTEXTILES. 2012. http://www.raqsb.mto.gov.on.ca/techpubs/OPS.nsf/0/2ccb9847eb6c56738525808200628de1/$FILE/OPSS%201860%20Apr12.pdf. Accessed July 17, 2017</ref>.
 
<ref>ONTARIO PROVINCIAL STANDARD SPECIFICATION METRIC OPSS 1860 MATERIAL SPECIFICATION FOR GEOTEXTILES. 2012. http://www.raqsb.mto.gov.on.ca/techpubs/OPS.nsf/0/2ccb9847eb6c56738525808200628de1/$FILE/OPSS%201860%20Apr12.pdf. Accessed July 17, 2017</ref>.
 
*Fabrics should be woven monofilament or non-woven needle punched.  
 
*Fabrics should be woven monofilament or non-woven needle punched.  
 
*Woven slit film and non-woven heat bonded fabrics should not be used, as they are prone to clogging.
 
*Woven slit film and non-woven heat bonded fabrics should not be used, as they are prone to clogging.
<p>In choosing a product, consider:
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In choosing a product, consider:
    <ol>
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#The maximum forces that will be exerted on the fabric (i.e., what tensile, tear and puncture strength ratings are required?),
        <li>The maximum forces that will be exerted on the fabric (i.e., what tensile, tear and puncture strength ratings are required?),</li>
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#The load bearing ratio of the underlying native soil (i.e. is the geotextile needed to prevent downward migration of aggregate into the native soil?),
        <li>The load bearing ratio of the underlying native soil (i.e. is the geotextile needed to prevent downward migration of aggregate into the native soil?),</li>
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#The texture (i.e., grain size distribution) of the overlying and underlying materials, and
        <li>The texture (i.e., grain size distribution) of the overlying and underlying materials, and</li>
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#The suitable apparent opening size (AOS) for non-woven fabrics, or percent open area (POA) for woven fabrics, to maintain water flow even with sediment and microbial film build-up.
        <li>The suitable apparent opening size (AOS) for non-woven fabrics, or percent open area (POA) for woven fabrics, to maintain water flow even with sediment and microbial film build-up.</li>
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    </ol>
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{|class="wikitable"
<div class="col-md-8">
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|+ Recommended criteria for selection of geotextile fabric
    <table class="table table-striped table-responsive">
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|-
              <caption><strong>Recommended criteria for selection of geotextile fabric</strong></caption>
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!style="background: darkcyan; color: white"|Percent soil/biomedia passing 0.075 mm (#200 sieve)
            <tr class="success">
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!style="background: darkcyan; color: white"|Non-woven fabric apparent opening size (AOS, mm)
                <th class="text-center">Percent soil/biomedia passing 0.075 mm (#200 sieve)</th>
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!style="background: darkcyan; color: white"|Woven fabric percent open area (POA, %)
                <th class="text-center">Non-woven fabric apparent opening size (AOS, mm)</th>
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!style="background: darkcyan; color: white"|Permittivity (sec<sup>-1</sup>)
                <th class="text-center">Woven fabric percent open area (POA, %)</th>
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|-
                <th class="text-center">Permittivity (sec<sup>-1</sup>)</th>
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|>85||≤ 0.3||-||0.1
            </tr>
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|-
            <tr>
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|50 - 85||≤ 0.3||≥ 4||0.1
                <td align="center" valign="middle">>85</td>
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|-
                <td align="center" valign="middle">≤ 0.3</td>
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|15 - 50||≤ 0.6||≥ 4||0.2
                <td align="center" valign="middle">-</td>
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|-
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.1</td>
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|5 - 15||≤ 0.6||≥ 4||0.5
            </tr>
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|-
            <tr>
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|≤ 5||≤ 0.6||≥ 10||0.5
                <td align="center" valign="middle">50 - 85</td>
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|}
                <td align="center" valign="middle">≤ 0.3</td>
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                <td align="center" valign="middle">≥ 4</td>
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==References==
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.1</td>
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''<references />''
            </tr>
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            <tr>
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                <td align="center" valign="middle">15 - 50</td>
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                <td align="center" valign="middle">≤ 0.6</td>
  −
                <td align="center" valign="middle">≥ 4</td>
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                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.2</td>
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            </tr>
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            <tr>
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                <td align="center" valign="middle">5 - 15</td>
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                <td align="center" valign="middle">≤ 0.6</td>
  −
                <td align="center" valign="middle">≥ 4</td>
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                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.5</td>
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            </tr>
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            <tr>
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                <td align="center" valign="middle">≤ 5</td>
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                <td align="center" valign="middle">≤ 0.6</td>
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                <td align="center" valign="middle">≥ 10</td>
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                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.5</td>
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            </tr>
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        </table>
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  </div>
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<div class="col-md-12">
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<h5>References</h5>
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<references />
   
[[category:materials]]
 
[[category:materials]]
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