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− | <p>Geotextiles prevent downward migration of smaller particles in to larger aggregates, and slump of heavier particles into finer underlying courses.
| + | Geotextiles can be used to prevent downward migration of smaller particles in to larger aggregates, and slump of heavier particles into finer underlying courses. |
− | <br> The formation of biofilm on geotextiles has also been shown to improve water quality:
| + | The formation of biofilm on geotextiles has also been shown to improve water quality: |
| *By degrading petroleum hydrocarbons<ref>Newman AP, Coupe SJ, Spicer GE, Lynch D, Robinson K. MAINTENANCE OF OIL-DEGRADING PERMEABLE PAVEMENTS: MICROBES, NUTRIENTS AND LONG-TERM WATER QUALITY PROVISION. https://www.icpi.org/sites/default/files/techpapers/1309.pdf. Accessed July 17, 2017.</ref> | | *By degrading petroleum hydrocarbons<ref>Newman AP, Coupe SJ, Spicer GE, Lynch D, Robinson K. MAINTENANCE OF OIL-DEGRADING PERMEABLE PAVEMENTS: MICROBES, NUTRIENTS AND LONG-TERM WATER QUALITY PROVISION. https://www.icpi.org/sites/default/files/techpapers/1309.pdf. Accessed July 17, 2017.</ref> |
| *By reducing organic pollutant and nutrient concentrations <ref>Paul P, Tota-Maharaj K. Laboratory Studies on Granular Filters and Their Relationship to Geotextiles for Stormwater Pollutant Reduction. Water. 2015;7(4):1595-1609. doi:10.3390/w7041595.</ref> | | *By reducing organic pollutant and nutrient concentrations <ref>Paul P, Tota-Maharaj K. Laboratory Studies on Granular Filters and Their Relationship to Geotextiles for Stormwater Pollutant Reduction. Water. 2015;7(4):1595-1609. doi:10.3390/w7041595.</ref> |
− | </p>
| + | *When installing geotextiles an overlap of 150 - 300 mm should be used. |
− | <p>When installing geotextiles an overlap of 150 - 300 mm should be used.</p>
| |
| Material specifications should conform to OPSS 1860 for Class II geotextile fabrics | | Material specifications should conform to OPSS 1860 for Class II geotextile fabrics |
| <ref>ONTARIO PROVINCIAL STANDARD SPECIFICATION METRIC OPSS 1860 MATERIAL SPECIFICATION FOR GEOTEXTILES. 2012. http://www.raqsb.mto.gov.on.ca/techpubs/OPS.nsf/0/2ccb9847eb6c56738525808200628de1/$FILE/OPSS%201860%20Apr12.pdf. Accessed July 17, 2017</ref>. | | <ref>ONTARIO PROVINCIAL STANDARD SPECIFICATION METRIC OPSS 1860 MATERIAL SPECIFICATION FOR GEOTEXTILES. 2012. http://www.raqsb.mto.gov.on.ca/techpubs/OPS.nsf/0/2ccb9847eb6c56738525808200628de1/$FILE/OPSS%201860%20Apr12.pdf. Accessed July 17, 2017</ref>. |
| *Fabrics should be woven monofilament or non-woven needle punched. | | *Fabrics should be woven monofilament or non-woven needle punched. |
| *Woven slit film and non-woven heat bonded fabrics should not be used, as they are prone to clogging. | | *Woven slit film and non-woven heat bonded fabrics should not be used, as they are prone to clogging. |
− | <p>In choosing a product, consider:
| + | In choosing a product, consider: |
− | <ol>
| + | #The maximum forces that will be exerted on the fabric (i.e., what tensile, tear and puncture strength ratings are required?), |
− | <li>The maximum forces that will be exerted on the fabric (i.e., what tensile, tear and puncture strength ratings are required?),</li>
| + | #The load bearing ratio of the underlying native soil (i.e. is the geotextile needed to prevent downward migration of aggregate into the native soil?), |
− | <li>The load bearing ratio of the underlying native soil (i.e. is the geotextile needed to prevent downward migration of aggregate into the native soil?),</li>
| + | #The texture (i.e., grain size distribution) of the overlying and underlying materials, and |
− | <li>The texture (i.e., grain size distribution) of the overlying and underlying materials, and</li>
| + | #The suitable apparent opening size (AOS) for non-woven fabrics, or percent open area (POA) for woven fabrics, to maintain water flow even with sediment and microbial film build-up. |
− | <li>The suitable apparent opening size (AOS) for non-woven fabrics, or percent open area (POA) for woven fabrics, to maintain water flow even with sediment and microbial film build-up.</li>
| + | |
− | </ol>
| + | {|class="wikitable" |
− | <div class="col-md-8">
| + | |+ Recommended criteria for selection of geotextile fabric |
− | <table class="table table-striped table-responsive">
| + | |- |
− | <caption><strong>Recommended criteria for selection of geotextile fabric</strong></caption>
| + | !style="background: darkcyan; color: white"|Percent soil/biomedia passing 0.075 mm (#200 sieve) |
− | <tr class="success">
| + | !style="background: darkcyan; color: white"|Non-woven fabric apparent opening size (AOS, mm) |
− | <th class="text-center">Percent soil/biomedia passing 0.075 mm (#200 sieve)</th>
| + | !style="background: darkcyan; color: white"|Woven fabric percent open area (POA, %) |
− | <th class="text-center">Non-woven fabric apparent opening size (AOS, mm)</th>
| + | !style="background: darkcyan; color: white"|Permittivity (sec<sup>-1</sup>) |
− | <th class="text-center">Woven fabric percent open area (POA, %)</th>
| + | |- |
− | <th class="text-center">Permittivity (sec<sup>-1</sup>)</th>
| + | |>85||≤ 0.3||-||0.1 |
− | </tr>
| + | |- |
− | <tr>
| + | |50 - 85||≤ 0.3||≥ 4||0.1 |
− | <td align="center" valign="middle">>85</td>
| + | |- |
− | <td align="center" valign="middle">≤ 0.3</td>
| + | |15 - 50||≤ 0.6||≥ 4||0.2 |
− | <td align="center" valign="middle">-</td>
| + | |- |
− | <td align="center" valign="middle">0.1</td>
| + | |5 - 15||≤ 0.6||≥ 4||0.5 |
− | </tr>
| + | |- |
− | <tr>
| + | |≤ 5||≤ 0.6||≥ 10||0.5 |
− | <td align="center" valign="middle">50 - 85</td>
| + | |} |
− | <td align="center" valign="middle">≤ 0.3</td>
| + | |
− | <td align="center" valign="middle">≥ 4</td>
| + | ==References== |
− | <td align="center" valign="middle">0.1</td>
| + | ''<references />'' |
− | </tr>
| |
− | <tr>
| |
− | <td align="center" valign="middle">15 - 50</td>
| |
− | <td align="center" valign="middle">≤ 0.6</td>
| |
− | <td align="center" valign="middle">≥ 4</td>
| |
− | <td align="center" valign="middle">0.2</td>
| |
− | </tr>
| |
− | <tr>
| |
− | <td align="center" valign="middle">5 - 15</td>
| |
− | <td align="center" valign="middle">≤ 0.6</td>
| |
− | <td align="center" valign="middle">≥ 4</td>
| |
− | <td align="center" valign="middle">0.5</td>
| |
− | </tr>
| |
− | <tr>
| |
− | <td align="center" valign="middle">≤ 5</td>
| |
− | <td align="center" valign="middle">≤ 0.6</td>
| |
− | <td align="center" valign="middle">≥ 10</td>
| |
− | <td align="center" valign="middle">0.5</td>
| |
− | </tr>
| |
− | </table>
| |
− | </div>
| |
− | <div class="col-md-12">
| |
− | <h5>References</h5>
| |
− | <references /> | |
| [[category:materials]] | | [[category:materials]] |