Difference between revisions of "Turf"
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[[File:Example4.jpg|thumb|Longer grass has biodiversity benefits as well as slowing flow on sloped surfaces.]] | [[File:Example4.jpg|thumb|Longer grass has biodiversity benefits as well as slowing flow on sloped surfaces.]] | ||
<onlyinclude>Resilient [[turf]] grasses are particularly useful in the design of [[vegetated filter strips]], [[dry ponds]] and [[enhanced grass swales]]. | <onlyinclude>Resilient [[turf]] grasses are particularly useful in the design of [[vegetated filter strips]], [[dry ponds]] and [[enhanced grass swales]]. | ||
| − | The Ministry of Transportation have | + | The Ministry of Transportation have standardized a number of grass mixes<ref>Ontario Provincial Standard Specification. (2023). Construction Specification and for Vegetative Cover OPSS.PROV 803. Retrieved from https://tcp.mto.gov.on.ca/notice/000-0140</ref>. The 'Salt Tolerant Mix' is of particular value for low impact development applications alongside asphalt roadways and paved walkways. |
{|Table class="wikitable" | {|Table class="wikitable" | ||
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Close mowing removes leaves and increases shoot production, leading to a denser 'velvety' appearance. | Close mowing removes leaves and increases shoot production, leading to a denser 'velvety' appearance. | ||
But the damage also reduces the plant's photosynthetic processes and stunts its growth. Notably, when grass is stressed by close pruning, it doesn't have the resources to develop deeper roots. The shallow roots in turf grass make it particularly susceptible to drought conditions and significantly weakens the resiliency of the grass. Any pruning (including mowing) introduces cut edges on the leaf blades, increasing the potential for disease. | But the damage also reduces the plant's photosynthetic processes and stunts its growth. Notably, when grass is stressed by close pruning, it doesn't have the resources to develop deeper roots. The shallow roots in turf grass make it particularly susceptible to drought conditions and significantly weakens the resiliency of the grass. Any pruning (including mowing) introduces cut edges on the leaf blades, increasing the potential for disease. | ||
| − | Turf grass mixtures in Ontario often | + | Turf grass mixtures in Ontario often contains high proportion of Kentucky Bluegrass <ref>OMAFRA Lawn Establishment July 2008 http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/08-025w.htm#turf Accessed Dec 19, 2017</ref>. For optimal long term health and resiliency, this turf should be cut no shorter than 7 cm. <ref>Karen Panter, Turf and Water, Sept 12, 2013 https://www.slideshare.net/kpanter/turf-and-water Accessed Dec 19, 2017</ref> |
Permitting the grass to grow longer also increases the roughness of [[swales]] or [[vegetated filter strips]] which are turfed. | Permitting the grass to grow longer also increases the roughness of [[swales]] or [[vegetated filter strips]] which are turfed. | ||
{{:Manning's n}} | {{:Manning's n}} | ||
Latest revision as of 12:18, 26 June 2024
Resilient turf grasses are particularly useful in the design of vegetated filter strips, dry ponds and enhanced grass swales. The Ministry of Transportation have standardized a number of grass mixes[1]. The 'Salt Tolerant Mix' is of particular value for low impact development applications alongside asphalt roadways and paved walkways.
| Common name | Scientific name | Proportion |
|---|---|---|
| Tall Fescue | Festuca arundinacea | 25 % |
| Fults Alkali Grass | Puccinellia distans | 20 % |
| Creeping Red Fescue | Festuca rubra | 25 % |
| Perennial ryegrass | Lolium perrenne | 20 % |
| Hard Fescue | Festuca trachyphylla | 10 % |
Best practices for mowing[edit]
Close mowing removes leaves and increases shoot production, leading to a denser 'velvety' appearance. But the damage also reduces the plant's photosynthetic processes and stunts its growth. Notably, when grass is stressed by close pruning, it doesn't have the resources to develop deeper roots. The shallow roots in turf grass make it particularly susceptible to drought conditions and significantly weakens the resiliency of the grass. Any pruning (including mowing) introduces cut edges on the leaf blades, increasing the potential for disease. Turf grass mixtures in Ontario often contains high proportion of Kentucky Bluegrass [2]. For optimal long term health and resiliency, this turf should be cut no shorter than 7 cm. [3] Permitting the grass to grow longer also increases the roughness of swales or vegetated filter strips which are turfed.
| n value range | Good condition turf grass | Other |
|---|---|---|
| 0.002 - 0.010 | Where the average depth of flow is at ≥ 2 times the height of the vegetation | Supple tree seedlings such as willow or cottonwood growing where the average depth of flow is at ≥ 3 times the height of the vegetation |
| 0.010 - 0.025 | Where the average depth of flow is between 1 - 2 times the height of the vegetation | Moderately dense weeds, or tree seedlings growing where the average depth of flow is from 2 -3 times the height of the vegetation |
| 0.025 - 0.050 | Where the average depth of flow is about equal to the height of the vegetation | 8- to 10-year-old willow or cottonwood trees inter-grown with some weeds and brush (none of the vegetation in foliage) |
| 0.050 - 0.100 | Where the average depth of flow is < 0.5 times height of the vegetation | bushy willow trees about 1 year old inter-grown with weeds along side slopes (all vegetation in full foliage) |
References[edit]
- ↑ Ontario Provincial Standard Specification. (2023). Construction Specification and for Vegetative Cover OPSS.PROV 803. Retrieved from https://tcp.mto.gov.on.ca/notice/000-0140
- ↑ OMAFRA Lawn Establishment July 2008 http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/08-025w.htm#turf Accessed Dec 19, 2017
- ↑ Karen Panter, Turf and Water, Sept 12, 2013 https://www.slideshare.net/kpanter/turf-and-water Accessed Dec 19, 2017
- ↑ Arcement, G.J., Schneider, R. Guide for Selecting Manning's Roughness Coefficients for Natural Channels and Flood Plains U.S.G.S. WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 2339, 1989 https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2339/report.pdf