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The most common types of emergent vegetation used in North American [[wetlands]] are:

The most common types of emergent vegetation used in North American [[wetlands]] are:

*cattails (Typha spp.),  

*cattails (''Typha spp.''),  

*bulrushes (Scirpus spp.), and  

*bulrushes (''Scirpus spp.''), and  

*reeds (Phragmites spp.),  

*reeds (''Phragmites spp.''),  

although a variety of other wetland vegetation can be used as well.  

although a variety of other wetland vegetation can be used as well.  

In many cases, planting a monoculture may be recommended rather than attempting to support biodiverse vegetation, since the more “aggressive”, stress-resistant wetland plants (e.g., cattails) will quickly displace others if they are present. In surface flow wetlands, cattails and bulrushes are the most common types of emergent vegetation used. The most common type of plant used in sub-surface flow wetlands is reeds, but cattails, bulrushes, reed canary grass (Pharis arundinacea) and managrass (Glyceria maxima) have also been used.<ref>Jacques Whitford Consultants, 2008. CONSTRUCTED & ENGINEERED WETLANDS p. 1-21</ref>

In many cases, planting a monoculture may be recommended rather than attempting to support biodiverse vegetation, since the more “aggressive”, stress-resistant wetland plants (e.g., cattails) will quickly displace others if they are present. In surface flow wetlands, cattails and bulrushes are the most common types of emergent vegetation used. The most common type of plant used in sub-surface flow wetlands is reeds, but cattails, bulrushes, reed canary grass (Pharis arundinacea) and managrass (Glyceria maxima) have also been used.<ref>Jacques Whitford Consultants, 2008. CONSTRUCTED & ENGINEERED WETLANDS p. 1-21</ref>

{{Textbox|1=All of the genuses of plants listed above have issues associated with invasive species and/or hybridization between native and invasive species. in Ontario<br>  

{{Textbox|1=Some of the plants listed above have issues associated with invasive species and/or hybridization between native and invasive species. in Ontario<br>  

See the [[#External links|external links]] below for Provincial advice and specialist organisations that can help with plant selection.}}

If you are uncertain, see the [[#External links|external links]] below for Provincial advice and specialist organisations that can help with plant selection.}}

{|class= "wikitable sortable" "style=text-align: center;"

{|class= "wikitable sortable" "style=text-align: center;"

==External links==

==External links==

*[https://www.opwg.ca/ Ontario Phragmites Working Group]

*[https://www.opwg.ca/ Ontario Phragmites Working Group]

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