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→Additional site opportunities
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Image:Stormwater planter.png|thumb|700 px|This is an image map of a stormwater planter, clicking on components will load the appropriate article.
Image:Stormwater planter.png|thumb|700 px|This is an image map of a stormwater planter, clicking on components will load the appropriate article.
circle 390 1042 75 [[Shrubs: List|Shrubs]]
circle 390 1042 75 [[Shrubs: List|Shrubs]]
rect 469 507 316 169 [[Shrubs: List|Shrubs]]
rect 469 507 316 169 [[Shrubs: List|Shrubs]]
rect 480 400 534 517 [[Forebays]]
rect 480 400 534 517 [[Forebays]]
circle 190 169 26 [[Overflow]]
circle 190 169 26 [[Overflow]]
rect 188 1298 156 1071 [[Overflow]]
rect 152 1166 340 1189 [[mulch]]
rect 200 1118 498 1146 [[Mulch]]
rect 65 1164 538 1190 [[mulch]]
rect 195 1151 528 1235 [[Bioretention:_Filter_media|Filter media]]
rect 341 1104 363 1303 [[Overflow]]
rect 195 1235 528 1250 [[Choking layer]]
rect 152 1191 339 1301 [[Biomedia]]
rect 195 1250 528 1305 [[Reservoir_gravel|Reservoir]]
rect 366 1194 541 1302 [[Biomedia]]
poly 162 1305 533 1307 352 1343 [[Underdrains]]
rect 229 1162 151 1079 [[Grasses]]
rect 227 1019 340 1164 [[Perennials]]
rect 369 972 483 1162 [[Shrubs]]
poly 139 1158 149 1155 151 1303 352 1343 542 1305 541 1165 550 1161 553 1311 354 1355 139 1311 [[Liner]]
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[[File:Stormwater planter pu.png|thumb|An above ground planter with downspout and overflow illustrated.]]
Over subsurface infrastructure, soils prone to subsidence, or pollution hotspots, it may be necessary to prevent all [[infiltration]]. These BMPs can also be squeezed into tight urban spaces, adjacent to buildings and within the usual setbacks required for infiltrating facilities. Stormwater planters can also be used as a means of providing building-integrated LID by capturing a portion of the rainwater from the rooftop.
This type of cell can be constructed above grade in any waterproof and structurally sound container, e.g. in cast concrete or a metal tank.
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==Overview==
{{textbox|Stormwater planters are an ideal technology for:
*Sites which cannot infiltrate water owing to contaminated soils or shallow bedrock,
*Zero-lot-line developments such as condos or dense urban infill.}}
'''The fundamental components of a stormwater planter are:'''
*a planting bed of [[storage media]],
*suitable vegetation,
*decorative aggregate or [[stone]],
*An [[underdrain]]
'''The design may benefit from:'''
*A [[level spreaders| level spreader]]
==Planning Considerations==
Stormwater planters may be integrated into the landscape similarly to bioretention practices. See [[Bioretention#Planning considerations|bioretention planning]].
===Additional site opportunities===
As they do not require connection to the earth for infiltration purposes, stormwater planters can also be used in elevated locations. They are sometimes used in retrofit applications on otherwise impermeable surface, as raised beds or planters surrounding buildings. They can be employed to capture [[downspout disconnection]] or even upon terraces or vertical surfaces of buildings.
==Design==
{{:Planters: Sizing}}
==Performance==
===Storage media===
[[filter media]]
===Underdrain===
Stormwater planters differ from full and/or partial infiltration [[bioretention]] practices in that the storage function is provided only by the [[water retention capacity]] of the [[filter media]]. As such, there is no storage reservoir and the only purpose to the aggregate layer is to drain water to the perforated [[pipe]]. For this, a medium aggregate as described in [[choker layer]] is recommended as it negates the need for a separating layer to the filter media. Design details can be found here [[Underdrains#Underdrains for non-exfiltrating practices|Underdrains]] for non-exfiltrationg practices.
===Planting===
*Planters must be designed in a way that insulates the soil through freezing temperatures, or plant species that can survive the winter season in raised planters must be used.
*Stormwater planters routinely capture only rainwater flowing from adjacent rooftops. This means that [[salt]] may be less of a concern than in [[Bioretention: Parking lots]] or [[Bioretention: Streetscapes]].
*The [[plant lists]] are still a good place to start when selecting species for LID in Ontario.
*A more formal aesthetic for the planting design is appropriate for the urban hardscape setting.
===Liners===
{{:Liner}}
==Surface==
As stormwater planters are often quite small and receive very rapid flow, both a [[level spreader]] and the use of [[stone]] mulch are strongly recommended.
==Gallery==
==Gallery==
{{:Stormwater planters: Gallery}}
{{:Stormwater planters: Gallery}}
==Performance==
{{:lit review}}
===Hydrology===
<ref>Davis, Allen P., Robert G. Traver, William F. Hunt, Ryan Lee, Robert A. Brown, and Jennifer M. Olszewski. “Hydrologic Performance of Bioretention Storm-Water Control Measures.” Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 17, no. 5 (May 2012): 604–14. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000467.</ref>
<ref>Yeakley, J.A., and K.K. Norton. “Performance Assessment of Three Types of Rainwater Detention Structures for an Urban Development in Wilsonville, Oregon, USA,” 70. Portland, 2009.</ref>
===Water quality===
<ref>Macnamara, J.; Derry, C. Pollution Removal Performance of Laboratory Simulations of Sydney’s Street Stormwater Biofilters. Water 2017, 9, 907.;doi:10.3390/w9110907</ref>
<ref>Lucke, T., & Nichols, P. W. B. (2015). The pollution removal and stormwater reduction performance of street-side bioretention basins after ten years in operation. Science of The Total Environment, 536, 784–792. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2015.07.142</ref>
<ref>Macnamara, J.; Derry, C. Pollution Removal Performance of Laboratory Simulations of Sydney’s Street Stormwater Biofilters. Water 2017, 9, 907. doi:10.3390/w9110907</ref>
==See Also==
==See Also==
*[[Bioretention cells]]
*[[Bioretention: Parking lots]]
*[[Extended tree pits]]
*[[Bioretention: Streetscapes]]
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*[[Shrubs: List|Shrubs]]
*[[Shrubs: List|Shrubs]]
*[[Overflow]]
*[[Overflow]]
*[[Mulch]]
*[[Mulch]]
*[[Bioretention:_Filter_media|Filter media]]
*[[Filter media]]
*[[Choking layer]]
*[[Choking layer]]
*[[Reservoir_gravel|Reservoir]]
*[[Reservoir_gravel|Reservoir]]
==Proprietary links==
A number of precast modules exist to contain treatment media. As many of these systems are enclosed water balance calculations may be erroneous where [[evapotranspiration]] is constrained.
{{:Disclaimer}}
*[http://www.conteches.com/Products/Stormwater-Management/Biofiltration-Bioretention/Filterra Filterra]
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