Changes

When planning any new development within a SPR/SPA its important to follow the following four (4) major steps before moving forward.

When planning any new development within a SPR/SPA its important to follow the following four (4) major steps before moving forward.

===1) Identify and Map Vulnerable Areas===

===Identify and Map Vulnerable Areas===

The two major areas of significance that are vulnerable to water/groundwater pollution threats are called Wellhead Protection Areas (WHPAs) and Intake Protection Zones (IPZs). New development must note if any of their proposed activities or future actions will cause potential negative impacts on these important municipal sources of freshwater.   

The two major areas of significance that are vulnerable to water/groundwater pollution threats are called Wellhead Protection Areas (WHPAs) and Intake Protection Zones (IPZs). New development must note if any of their proposed activities or future actions will cause potential negative impacts on these important municipal sources of freshwater.   

[[File:Drinking Water Sources.PNG|thumb|350px|A picture depicting different types of drinking water sources, including groundwater under the direct influence (GUDI) of surface water, which may be subject to contamination due to the influence of polluted/impacted surface water (Photo Source: Government of Ontario, 2022<ref>Government of Ontario. 2022. A guide for operators and owners of drinking water systems that serve designated facilities. 19 May 2022. Accessed 3 June 2022. https://www.ontario.ca/page/providing-safe-drinking-water-public-guide-owners-and-operators-non-residential-and-seasonal</ref>)]]

[[File:Drinking Water Sources.PNG|thumb|350px|A picture depicting different types of drinking water sources, including groundwater under the direct influence (GUDI) of surface water, which may be subject to contamination due to the influence of polluted/impacted surface water (Photo Source: Government of Ontario, 2022<ref>Government of Ontario. 2022. A guide for operators and owners of drinking water systems that serve designated facilities. 19 May 2022. Accessed 3 June 2022. https://www.ontario.ca/page/providing-safe-drinking-water-public-guide-owners-and-operators-non-residential-and-seasonal</ref>)]]

'''Vulnerability''' <br>

'''Vulnerability''' <br>

*Adding that number to the modelled time it takes for groundwater to flow from the water table to the well based on the WHPA zone (EarthFx Incorporated, 2010<ref>EarthFx Incorporated. 2010. WHPA Vulnerability Analysis for the Region of Peel Wellfields, Ontario. Client: Region of Peel Infrastructure Planning. Consultant: Engineering and Construction Group. https://www.earthfx.com/?page_id=2205</ref>).}}

*Adding that number to the modelled time it takes for groundwater to flow from the water table to the well based on the WHPA zone (EarthFx Incorporated, 2010<ref>EarthFx Incorporated. 2010. WHPA Vulnerability Analysis for the Region of Peel Wellfields, Ontario. Client: Region of Peel Infrastructure Planning. Consultant: Engineering and Construction Group. https://www.earthfx.com/?page_id=2205</ref>).}}

===2) Identify Threats===

===Identify Threats===

There are currently 22 listed "threats" that are outlined in the Clean Water Act, 2006. Please see the table below for further details (Government of Ontario, 2021<ref>Government of Ontario. 2021. Clean Water Act, 2006: ONTARIO REGULATION 287/07: S.O. 2006, c. 22. Last amendment: 356/21 (1 June 2021). Accessed 3 June 2022. https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/070287#BK3</ref>):

There are currently 22 listed "threats" that are outlined in the Clean Water Act, 2006. Please see the table below for further details (Government of Ontario, 2021<ref>Government of Ontario. 2021. Clean Water Act, 2006: ONTARIO REGULATION 287/07: S.O. 2006, c. 22. Last amendment: 356/21 (1 June 2021). Accessed 3 June 2022. https://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/070287#BK3</ref>):

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===3) Calculate Threat Level===

===Calculate Threat Level===

[[File:Source Protection Atlas tool.PNG|500px|thumb|The Interactive [https://www.lioapplications.lrc.gov.on.ca/SourceWaterProtection/index.html?viewer=SourceWaterProtection.SWPViewer&locale=en-CA Source Protection Information Atlas] is a GIS-based mapping tool that provides details on WHPAs, IPZs, issue contributing area score, vulnerability scores and lists drinking water threats while linking directly to the associated area's SPP (Photo Source: MECP, 2022<ref>Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks. 2022. Source Protection Information Atlas. Powered by Land Information Ontario. Information is current as of: May 12, 2022. Accessed June 2 2022. https://www.lioapplications.lrc.gov.on.ca/SourceWaterProtection/index.html?viewer=SourceWaterProtection.SWPViewer&locale=en-CA</ref>]]

[[File:Source Protection Atlas tool.PNG|500px|thumb|The Interactive [https://www.lioapplications.lrc.gov.on.ca/SourceWaterProtection/index.html?viewer=SourceWaterProtection.SWPViewer&locale=en-CA Source Protection Information Atlas] is a GIS-based mapping tool that provides details on WHPAs, IPZs, issue contributing area score, vulnerability scores and lists drinking water threats while linking directly to the associated area's SPP (Photo Source: MECP, 2022<ref>Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks. 2022. Source Protection Information Atlas. Powered by Land Information Ontario. Information is current as of: May 12, 2022. Accessed June 2 2022. https://www.lioapplications.lrc.gov.on.ca/SourceWaterProtection/index.html?viewer=SourceWaterProtection.SWPViewer&locale=en-CA</ref>]]

**Significant threat for your vulnerable area under their jurisdiction. Your SPR/SPA will have listed policies of which you will legally be required to follow based upon your vulnerability scoring which they will be able to point you to (TRCA, 2018<ref>TRCA. 2018. How Does This Affect Me? CTC Source protection Region. Accessed: 6 June 2022. https://ctcswp.ca/protecting-our-water/what-does-this-mean-for-me/</ref>; MECP, 2022<ref name="example6">Ministry of Environment Conservation and Parks (MECP). 2022. Best practices for source water protection - Drinking Water. Last Updated: 3 May, 2022. Accessed June 3 2022. https://www.ontario.ca/document/best-practices-source-water-protection#section-2</ref>)

**Significant threat for your vulnerable area under their jurisdiction. Your SPR/SPA will have listed policies of which you will legally be required to follow based upon your vulnerability scoring which they will be able to point you to (TRCA, 2018<ref>TRCA. 2018. How Does This Affect Me? CTC Source protection Region. Accessed: 6 June 2022. https://ctcswp.ca/protecting-our-water/what-does-this-mean-for-me/</ref>; MECP, 2022<ref name="example6">Ministry of Environment Conservation and Parks (MECP). 2022. Best practices for source water protection - Drinking Water. Last Updated: 3 May, 2022. Accessed June 3 2022. https://www.ontario.ca/document/best-practices-source-water-protection#section-2</ref>)

You can go into further details learning about the potential risks your work may pose by visiting the [https://www.ontario.ca/document/best-practices-source-water-protection#section-2 MECP's Best practices for source water protection]. This webpage set up by the province allows users to still protect freshwater sources and drinking water systems that are not included within an SPP or regulated under the Clean Water Act, 2006. It provides additional information and approaches prospective developers and users can take based upon local soil infiltration rates, groundwater sources in the area, highly vulnerably aquifers, nearby surface water sources, and other potential factors affecting vulnerability.

You can go into further details learning about the potential risks your work may pose by visiting the [https://www.ontario.ca/document/best-practices-source-water-protection#section-2 MECP's Best practices for source water protection]. This webpage set up by the province allows users to help protect freshwater sources and drinking water systems that are not included within an SPP or regulated under the Clean Water Act, 2006. It provides additional information and approaches prospective developers and users can take based upon local soil infiltration rates, groundwater sources in the area, highly vulnerably aquifers, nearby surface water sources, and other potential factors affecting vulnerability.

Below is a table "risk factors" prospective developers (commercial, residential, municipal) should employ that asks eleven (11) questions and a user can rank to determine how at risk a local drinking water source may be given the work they are considering. Anything listed as "High" warrants further information and action to protect the water source (Table adopted from [https://www.ontario.ca/document/best-practices-source-water-protection#section-2 MECP's Best practices for source water protection (MECP, 2022)]<ref name="example6" />.

Below is a table "risk factors" land developers and their consultants should employ that asks eleven (11) questions and a user can rank to determine how at risk a local drinking water source may be given the work they are considering. Anything listed as "High" warrants further information and action to protect the water source (Table adopted from [https://www.ontario.ca/document/best-practices-source-water-protection#section-2 MECP's Best practices for source water protection (MECP, 2022)]<ref name="example6" />.

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===4) Apply Appropriate Policies===

===Apply Appropriate Policies===

Policies that must be adhered to are based on several factors:

Policies that must be adhered to are based on several factors:

# The activity itself

# The activity itself

# The are in which the activity will be taking place

# The area in which the activity will be taking place

# The vulnerability of the area in question

# The vulnerability of the area in question

# The risks associated with the activity (does the activity result in one of the listed 22 risks occurring or potentially occurring)

# The risks associated with the activity (does the activity result in one of the listed 22 risks occurring or potentially occurring)

For example, as of December of 2021 the CTC SPR that comprises the regions of Peel, Toronto, and Durham had nearly 130 Source Protection Policies in place within their SPP. These policies address 21 of the 22 types

For example, as of December of 2021 the CTC SPR that comprises the regions of Peel, Toronto, and Durham had nearly 130 Source Protection Policies in place within their SPP. These policies address 21 of the 22 types

of threats prescribed in O.Reg 287/07 along with two types of local drinking water threats, and include other actions that are considered by the CTC committee as necessary to protect drinking water sources, along with requirements for the need of monitoring being implemented. The CTC SPP also contain policies which require the need for Risk Management Plans (RMPs) dependent on the vulnerability of proposed actions/activities to better manage some drinking water threats (CTC Source Protection Region, 2021)<ref>CTC Source Protection Region. 2021. CTC Source Protection Region 2021 Annual Progress Report. Accessed 6 June 2022. https://ctcswp.ca/app/uploads/2022/05/RPT_20220501_CTCSPR_2021AnnualProgressReport_fnl.pdf)</ref>

of threats prescribed in O.Reg 287/07 along with two types of local drinking water threats, and include other actions that are considered by the CTC committee as necessary to protect drinking water sources, along with requirements for monitoring. The CTC SPP also contain policies which require the need for Risk Management Plans (RMPs) dependent on the vulnerability of proposed actions/activities to better manage some drinking water threats (CTC Source Protection Region, 2021)<ref>CTC Source Protection Region. 2021. CTC Source Protection Region 2021 Annual Progress Report. Accessed 6 June 2022. https://ctcswp.ca/app/uploads/2022/05/RPT_20220501_CTCSPR_2021AnnualProgressReport_fnl.pdf)</ref>

 

===Additional Ontario Source Water Protection Resources===

===5) Additional Ontario Source Water Protection Resources===

Below, find a list of valuable tools aimed at the general public, landowners, real estate agents, farmers and technical practitioners (consultants, operators, technicians, risk management officials, inspectors etc.) for Source Water Protection in the Province of Ontario:

Below, find a list of valuable tools aimed at the general public, landowners, real estate agents, farmers and technical practitioners (consultants, operators, technicians, risk management officials, inspectors etc.) for Source Water Protection in the Province of Ontario:

* '''Landowners''' - [https://yourdrinkingwater.ca/files/brochures/CO-Fact-Sheet-Landowners.pdf What landowners can do to protect water quality & quantity]

* '''Landowners''' - [https://yourdrinkingwater.ca/files/brochures/CO-Fact-Sheet-Landowners.pdf What landowners can do to protect water quality & quantity]

* '''Real Estate Agents''' - [https://www.sourcewater.ca/en/how-it-works/resources/Documents/Publications_COFactsheet_RealEstate.pdf Drinking Water Source Protection in Ontario: What Every Real Estate Agent Should Know]

* '''Real Estate Agents''' - [https://www.sourcewater.ca/en/how-it-works/resources/Documents/Publications_COFactsheet_RealEstate.pdf Drinking Water Source Protection in Ontario: What Every Real Estate Agent Should Know]

* '''Farmers/Agriculturalists''' - [https://yourdrinkingwater.ca/files/brochures/Agri-Action-ENG.pdf AGRI-ACTION: Protecting water from field to faucet]

* '''Farmers/Agriculturalists''' - [https://yourdrinkingwater.ca/files/brochures/Agri-Action-ENG.pdf AGRI-ACTION: Protecting water from field to faucet]

==LID Site Considerations==

==LID Site Considerations==

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==Source Water Protection in Other Canadian Jurisdictions==

==Source Water Protection in Other Canadian Jurisdictions==

[[File:Legal tool first nations.PNG|500px|thumb|Cover page of the [https://cela.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/LEGAL-TOOLKIT-Source-Water-Protection-in-Indigenous-Communities_0.pdf final report] from the collaborative partnership between the Chippewas of the Thames First Nation, the Oneida Nation of the Thames, the Munsee-Delaware Nation (CMO) and the Canadian Environmental Law Association (CELA) and funded by the Law Foundation of Ontario that highlights the legal toolkit created to provide legal tools which can be implemented in Indigenous communities across Ontario to help residents protect their local source waters and mitigate threats. (Photo Source: CELA et al. 2019<ref>The Canadian Environmental Law Association (CELA), Chippewas of the Thames, Munsee-Delaware and Oneida Nation of the Thames (CMO). 2019. Legal and Policy Tools for Source Water Protection in Indigenous Communities - A Tri-First Nation (Chippewas of the Thames First Nation, Munsee-Delaware First Nation, Oneida Nation of the Thames) and Canadian Environmental Law Association Initiative. ISBN: 978-1-77189-939-0. Publication No. 1233. Published: 7 January 2019. Accessed 3 June 2022. https://cela.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/LEGAL-TOOLKIT-Source-Water-Protection-in-Indigenous-Communities_0.pdf</ref>)]]

[[File:Legal tool first nations.PNG|500px|thumb|Cover page of the [https://cela.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/LEGAL-TOOLKIT-Source-Water-Protection-in-Indigenous-Communities_0.pdf final report] from the collaborative partnership between the Chippewas of the Thames First Nation, the Oneida Nation of the Thames, the Munsee-Delaware Nation (CMO) and the Canadian Environmental Law Association (CELA) and funded by the Law Foundation of Ontario that highlights the legal toolkit created to provide legal tools which can be implemented in Indigenous communities across Ontario to help residents protect their local source waters and mitigate threats. (Photo Source: CELA et al. 2019<ref>The Canadian Environmental Law Association (CELA), Chippewas of the Thames, Munsee-Delaware and Oneida Nation of the Thames (CMO). 2019. Legal and Policy Tools for Source Water Protection in Indigenous Communities - A Tri-First Nation (Chippewas of the Thames First Nation, Munsee-Delaware First Nation, Oneida Nation of the Thames) and Canadian Environmental Law Association Initiative. ISBN: 978-1-77189-939-0. Publication No. 1233. Published: 7 January 2019. Accessed 3 June 2022. https://cela.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/LEGAL-TOOLKIT-Source-Water-Protection-in-Indigenous-Communities_0.pdf</ref>)]]

===First Nations On-Reserve Source Water Protection Plan===

===First Nations On-Reserve Source Water Protection Planning===

In 2011 the Federal government issued a national assessment of on-reserve drinking water systems, they found that most First Nations did not have an existing SPP in place. After this assessment was completed, the [https://www.sac-isc.gc.ca/DAM/DAM-ISC-SAC/DAM-WTR/STAGING/texte-text/source_1398366907537_eng.pdf First Nations On-Reserve Source Water Protection Plan] was developed by Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development in partnership with the Alberta First Nations' Technical Services Advisory Group (TSAG), Siksika First Nation, Alberta and Dr. Robert Patrick from the Department of Geography and Planning of University of Saskatchewan.  

In 2011 the Federal government issued a national assessment of on-reserve drinking water systems, they found that most First Nations did not have an existing SPP in place. After this assessment was completed, the [https://www.sac-isc.gc.ca/DAM/DAM-ISC-SAC/DAM-WTR/STAGING/texte-text/source_1398366907537_eng.pdf First Nations On-Reserve Source Water Protection Plan] was developed by Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development in partnership with the Alberta First Nations' Technical Services Advisory Group (TSAG), Siksika First Nation, Alberta and Dr. Robert Patrick from the Department of Geography and Planning of University of Saskatchewan.