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→Street network designs
===Street network designs===
===Street network designs===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|+ Figure adapted from CHMC
!
!Square grid
!Fused grid A
!Fused grid B
!Fused grid C
!Fused grid D
|-
!
|File:Square Grid.png
|File:VFGA.png
|File:VFGB.png
|File:VFGC.png
|File:VFGD.png
|-
|Percent of area for streets
|35.0 %
|27.4 %
|27.4 %
|23.7 %
|23.7 %
|-
|Percent of buildable area
|60.0 %
|63.6 %
|64.3 %
|68.0 %
68.0 %
|Percent of open space
|5 % required
|9.0 %
|8.3 %
|8.3 %
|8.3 %
|8.3 %
|}
Certain roadway network designs create less impervious area than others. Figure 3.2.3 from the Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation (2002) demonstrates that loop and cul-de-sac street patterns require less area for streets. These layouts by themselves may not achieve the many goals of urban design. However, used in a hybrid form together or with other street patterns, they can meet multiple urban design objectives and reduce the necessary street area.<ref>Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC). 2002 (Revised 2005, 2007). Residential Street Pattern Design. Research Highlight: Socio-Economic Series 75.</ref>A study comparing different road network designs for a hypothetical community showed a fused grid pattern can reduce impervious cover by 4.3% compared to a traditional neighbourhood design.<ref>Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC). 2007. Research Highlight: A Plan for Rainy Days: Water Runoff and Site Planning. Socioeconomic Series 07-013. Ottawa, ON.</ref>
Certain roadway network designs create less impervious area than others. Figure 3.2.3 from the Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation (2002) demonstrates that loop and cul-de-sac street patterns require less area for streets. These layouts by themselves may not achieve the many goals of urban design. However, used in a hybrid form together or with other street patterns, they can meet multiple urban design objectives and reduce the necessary street area.<ref>Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC). 2002 (Revised 2005, 2007). Residential Street Pattern Design. Research Highlight: Socio-Economic Series 75.</ref>A study comparing different road network designs for a hypothetical community showed a fused grid pattern can reduce impervious cover by 4.3% compared to a traditional neighbourhood design.<ref>Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC). 2007. Research Highlight: A Plan for Rainy Days: Water Runoff and Site Planning. Socioeconomic Series 07-013. Ottawa, ON.</ref>