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− | For BMPs including: [[bioretention]], [[enhanced grass swales]], [[vegetated filter strips]], [[absorbent landscapes]], [[green roofs]] and, bulk materials including: [[compost]], and [[topsoil]], [[phosphorus]] (P) should be measured as extractable phosphorus. Extractable P is the portion that is easily available to organisms like plants and algae i.e. is the measure of immediate concern to water quality. | + | For BMPs including: [[bioretention]], [[enhanced grass swales]], [[vegetated filter strips]], [[absorbent landscapes]], [[green roofs]] and, bulk materials including: [[compost]], and [[topsoil]], [[phosphorus]] (P) should be measured as '''extractable phosphorus'''. Extractable phosphorus is the portion that is easily available to organisms like plants and algae, so the parameter of immediate concern to water quality. |
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− | The quantity of extractable P is determined through acid or base extraction of a sample and testing the concentration in solution by a soil testing laboratory. Commonly used extraction methods on soil samples are the Bray and Kurtz P-1 procedure for non-calcareous soil <ref>Bray, R.H. and Kurtz, L.T. 1945. Determination of total, organic, and available forms of phosphorus in soils. Soil Science, 59: 39-45.</ref>or the Sodium Bicarbonate (Olsen) method for calcareous soil <ref>Olsen, S.R., Cole, C.V., Watanabe, F.S., and Dean, L.A. 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. USDA Circular 939:1-19. Gov. Printing Office Washington D.C.</ref>. | + | The quantity of extractable phosphorus is determined through acid or base extraction of a sample and testing the concentration in solution by a soil testing laboratory. Commonly used extraction methods on soil samples are the Bray and Kurtz P-1 procedure for non-calcareous soil <ref>Bray, R.H. and Kurtz, L.T. 1945. Determination of total, organic, and available forms of phosphorus in soils. Soil Science, 59: 39-45.</ref>or the Sodium Bicarbonate (Olsen) method for calcareous soil <ref>Olsen, S.R., Cole, C.V., Watanabe, F.S., and Dean, L.A. 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. USDA Circular 939:1-19. Gov. Printing Office Washington D.C.</ref>. |
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| The Olsen method is recommended as the default to use for typical Ontario soils <ref>Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA). 2006. Soil Fertility Handbook. Publication #611. Toronto, Ontario.</ref>. Calcareous soils are mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate (i.e., lime or limestone). The Olsen extraction method should be used if the soil contains more than 2% calcium carbonate <ref>Frank, K., Beegle, D., Denning, J. 2012. “Phosphorus” In Recommended Chemical Soil Test Procedures for the North Central Region. North Central Regional Research Publication No. 221. Missouri Agricultural Experimental Station.</ref> | | The Olsen method is recommended as the default to use for typical Ontario soils <ref>Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA). 2006. Soil Fertility Handbook. Publication #611. Toronto, Ontario.</ref>. Calcareous soils are mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate (i.e., lime or limestone). The Olsen extraction method should be used if the soil contains more than 2% calcium carbonate <ref>Frank, K., Beegle, D., Denning, J. 2012. “Phosphorus” In Recommended Chemical Soil Test Procedures for the North Central Region. North Central Regional Research Publication No. 221. Missouri Agricultural Experimental Station.</ref> |
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| Sims and A. Wolf, eds., Recommended Soil Testing Procedures for the Northeastern United States. Northeast Regional Bulletin #493. Newark: Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Delaware.</ref>. This SME procedure should also be used to measure concentrations of [[soluble salts]] and [[nitrogen]] in green roof growing media. | | Sims and A. Wolf, eds., Recommended Soil Testing Procedures for the Northeastern United States. Northeast Regional Bulletin #493. Newark: Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Delaware.</ref>. This SME procedure should also be used to measure concentrations of [[soluble salts]] and [[nitrogen]] in green roof growing media. |
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− | ==Inspection== | + | ==Inspections== |
| [[File:Phosphorus cycle bioretention images large a10-006f1.jpeg|550px|thumb|See above an example of the phosphorous cycle in a bioretention system. The cycle can be altered depending on the specific design configuration of the LID, including the adoption of a saturated zone, type and amouNT of mulch used and [[Bioretention media|sorbitive media]] included or not<ref>Roy-Poirier, A., Champagne, P., and Filion, Y. 2010. Bioretention processes for phosphorus pollution control. Environmental Reviews, 18(NA), pp.159-173.</ref>.]] | | [[File:Phosphorus cycle bioretention images large a10-006f1.jpeg|550px|thumb|See above an example of the phosphorous cycle in a bioretention system. The cycle can be altered depending on the specific design configuration of the LID, including the adoption of a saturated zone, type and amouNT of mulch used and [[Bioretention media|sorbitive media]] included or not<ref>Roy-Poirier, A., Champagne, P., and Filion, Y. 2010. Bioretention processes for phosphorus pollution control. Environmental Reviews, 18(NA), pp.159-173.</ref>.]] |
| ===Construction inspections=== | | ===Construction inspections=== |
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| Amendments to green roof growing media to address P deficiency should be prescribed by the media manufacturer or product vendor. Where soil P concentration is found to be higher than the Acceptance Criteria range, and the BMP drains to a nutrient sensitive receiving water, continuous monitoring during natural or simulated storm events should be undertaken that includes sampling and testing of nutrient concentrations (i.e., Phosphorus and Nitrogen) in sub-drain or surface flows from the BMP to evaluate if the exceedance is negatively impacting effluent quality and if corrective actions are warranted. Corrective action could involve incorporating a soil [[additives|additive]] that increases phosphorus retention, or replacement of part or all of the media or topsoil with material that is within the design or product specification. | | Amendments to green roof growing media to address P deficiency should be prescribed by the media manufacturer or product vendor. Where soil P concentration is found to be higher than the Acceptance Criteria range, and the BMP drains to a nutrient sensitive receiving water, continuous monitoring during natural or simulated storm events should be undertaken that includes sampling and testing of nutrient concentrations (i.e., Phosphorus and Nitrogen) in sub-drain or surface flows from the BMP to evaluate if the exceedance is negatively impacting effluent quality and if corrective actions are warranted. Corrective action could involve incorporating a soil [[additives|additive]] that increases phosphorus retention, or replacement of part or all of the media or topsoil with material that is within the design or product specification. |
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− | ==References==
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