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Line 41: − + − + − *Apply sedimentation pretreatment practices (e.g., oil and grit separators) before infiltration of road or parking area runoff + Line 53:
Line 55: − + − '''[[Permeable paving: TTT]]'''+ + + + + + + + + + + + − + + + + − + + − ===Materials=== − Consult the manufacturer for the design specifications of their product. In pervious concrete and porous asphalt systems, the concrete or asphalt mix specifications and construction procedures are key to proper functioning. These systems require well-trained and experienced contractors for installation.<br> − '''[[Permeable paving: Specifications|Specifications]]''' − ===Aggregates=== − {{:choker layer}} − {{:Reservoir aggregate}} − ===Geotextile=== − {{:Geotextiles}} − ===Landscaping===+ − + + Line 100:
Line 110: − + − *[http://hydropavers.ca/ Hydropavers pervious pavers] + + + − + + + + + + + +
→Plastic grid
[[File:PP IWS.gif|thumb|Conceptual diagram illustrating an adjustable storage underdrain configuration beneath permeable interlocking pavers]]
[[File:PP IWS.gif|frame|Conceptual diagram illustrating an adjustable storage underdrain configuration beneath permeable interlocking pavers]]
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==Overview==
==Overview==
===Geometry and Site Layout===
===Geometry and Site Layout===
Permeable paving can be used for entire parking lot areas or driveways and can be designed to receive runoff from adjacent impervious surfaces. For example, the parking spaces in a parking lot may be permeable pavers while the drive lanes themselves are impervious asphalt. In general, the impervious area should not exceed 1.2 times the area of the permeable paving which receives the runoff. A hybrid permeable paving/[[infiltration chamber]] design can feature connection of a roof downspout directly to the stone reservoir of the permeable paving system, which is sized to store runoff from both the pavement surface and the roof drainage area.
[[File:Perforated concrete block alt.jpg|thumb|Parking lot with perforated pavers in stalls only, Singapore]]
Permeable paving can be used for entire parking lot areas or driveways and can be designed to receive runoff from adjacent impervious surfaces. For example, the parking spaces in a parking lot may be permeable pavers while the drive lanes themselves are impervious asphalt. In general, the impervious area should not exceed the area of the permeable paving which receives the runoff.
A hybrid permeable paving/[[infiltration chambers|infiltration chamber]] design can feature connection of a roof [[downspout]] directly to the stone reservoir of the permeable paving system, which is sized to store runoff from both the pavement surface and the roof drainage area.
===Pretreatment===
===Pretreatment===
===Risk of Groundwater Contamination===
===Risk of Groundwater Contamination===
*Stormwater infiltration practices should not receive runoff from high traffic areas where large amounts of de-icing salts are applied (e.g., busy highways), nor from pollution hot spots (e.g., source areas where land uses or activities have the potential to generate highly contaminated runoff such as vehicle fuelling, servicing or demolition areas, outdoor storage or handling areas for hazardous materials and some heavy industry sites)
*Stormwater infiltration practices should not receive runoff from high traffic areas where large amounts of [[de-icing salts]] are applied (e.g., busy highways), nor from pollution hot spots (e.g., source areas where land uses or activities have the potential to generate highly contaminated runoff such as vehicle fuelling, servicing or demolition areas, outdoor storage or handling areas for hazardous materials and some heavy industry sites)
*Prioritize infiltration of runoff from source areas that are comparatively less contaminated such as roofs, low traffic roads and parking areas
*Prioritize infiltration of runoff from source areas that are comparatively less contaminated such as roofs and low traffic areas.
===Heavy Vehicle Traffic===
===Heavy Vehicle Traffic===
[[File:PaveDrain.jpg|thumb|Many types of permeable surface are certified to ASSHTO-25, including PaveDrain PICP type paving, LSRCA headquarters, Newmarket, ON]]
Permeable paving is not typically used in locations subject to heavy loads. However, some permeable pavers are designed for heavy loads and have been used in commercial port loading and storage areas.
Permeable paving is not typically used in locations subject to heavy loads. However, some permeable pavers are designed for heavy loads and have been used in commercial port loading and storage areas.
==Design==
==Design==
===Modeling permeable paving in the Treatment Train Tool===
===Finish course===
Consult the manufacturer for the design specifications of their product. In pervious concrete and porous asphalt systems, the concrete or asphalt mix specifications and construction procedures are key to proper functioning. These systems require well-trained and experienced contractors for installation.
{{:Permeable paving: Specifications}}
===Foundation aggregates===
[[File:Geogitter-4.jpg|thumb|Geogrids like these are sometimes incorporated into the layers of permeable pavement foundation aggregates to provide additional stability]]
Most [[OPSS aggregates]] are not recommended for use in permeable paving systems. The exception being type 'o' with a default void ratio of 0.3.
*[[Choker layer]]
*[[Reservoir aggregate]]
===Geotextile===
[[Geotextiles]] are not always necessary and may be prone to [[clogging]]. Consider using courses of finer aggregates or sand instead.
===Sizing stone reservoirs===
===Sizing stone reservoirs===
The stone reservoir must meet both runoff storage and structural support requirements.
The stone reservoir must meet both runoff storage and structural support requirements.
The bottom of the reservoir should be level so that water infiltrates evenly. If the system is not designed for infiltration, the bottom should slope at 1 - 5% toward the underdrain.
The bottom of the reservoir should be level so that water infiltrates evenly.<br>
If the system is not designed for infiltration, the bottom should slope at 1 - 5% toward the underdrain.
'''[[Permeable paving: Sizing]]'''
'''[[Permeable paving: Sizing and modeling]]'''
===Modeling permeable paving in the Treatment Train Tool===
'''[[Permeable paving: TTT]]'''
==Gallery==
==Gallery==
{{:Permeable paving: Gallery}}
{{:Permeable paving: Gallery}}
==Landscaping and grading==
Landscaped areas should drain away from permeable paving to prevent sediments from running onto the surface. Urban [[trees]] benefit from being surrounded by permeable pavement rather than impervious cover, because their roots receive more air and water, and pavers used around the base of a tree can be removed as the tree grows.
Landscaped areas ''must'' be [[grading|graded]] drain away from permeable paving to prevent sediment from running onto the surface. <br>
Urban [[trees]] benefit from being surrounded by permeable pavement rather than impervious cover, because their roots receive more air and water. Block pavers around the base of a tree can be removed as the tree grows.
==Performance==
==Performance==
==Proprietary Links==
==Proprietary Links==
{{:Disclaimer}}
{{:Disclaimer}}
===Pre-cast===
===Pre-cast with joints===
*[https://unilock.com/products/driveways/eco-optiloc/?region=1 Eco-Optioc, Unilock]
*[https://unilock.com/products/driveways/eco-optiloc/?region=1 Eco-Optioc, Unilock]
*[https://oakspavers.com/products/enviro-pavers Enviro Pavers, Oaks]
*[https://oakspavers.com/products/enviro-pavers Enviro Pavers, Oaks]
*[http://nilex.com/products/pavedrain Pavedrain, distributed by Nilex]
*[http://nilex.com/products/pavedrain Pavedrain, distributed by Nilex]
*[http://santerrastonecraft.com/landscape/paving-stones/terra-flo Terra flo, Santerra]
*[http://santerrastonecraft.com/landscape/paving-stones/terra-flo Terra flo, Santerra]
===Pre-cast pervious===
*[http://hydropavers.ca/ Hydropavers pervious pavers]
*[http://www.storm-crete.com/ Stormcrete pervious pavers]
*[http://www.storm-crete.com/ Stormcrete pervious pavers]
===Poured in place===
===Cast in place===
*[http://www.lafarge-na.com/wps/portal/na/en/HydromediaDetailWCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/wps/wcm/connectlib_na/Site_na/AllProductDataSheet_Concrete/ProductDatasheet_Concrete_1321037540751/Product_EN Hydromedia]
*[http://www.lafarge-na.com/wps/portal/na/en/HydromediaDetailWCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/wps/wcm/connectlib_na/Site_na/AllProductDataSheet_Concrete/ProductDatasheet_Concrete_1321037540751/Product_EN Hydromedia]
*[https://www.purepave.com/ PurePave]
===Plastic grid===
*[https://www.ecorastergrid.com/ Ecoraster]
*[https://www.hahnplastics.com/ca/products/ground-reinforcement-and-surfaces/hanpave/ Hanpave]
*[https://www.hahnplastics.com/ca/products/ground-reinforcement-and-surfaces/heavy-duty-ground-grid/ HAHN heavy duty ground grid]
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