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| [[File:Aggregates Highway 7.jpg|thumb|The fines can clearly be seen on these piles of standard OPSS aggregates for road reconstruction]] | | [[File:Aggregates Highway 7.jpg|thumb|The fines can clearly be seen on these piles of standard OPSS aggregates for road reconstruction]] |
− | <onlyinclude>Of the standard granular materials in the standard [http://www.raqsb.mto.gov.on.ca/techpubs/ops.nsf/0/0b9aa4d966cac4f9852580820062909e/$FILE/OPSS.MUNI%201010%20Nov%2013.pdf OPSS.MUNI 1010] only '''Granular O''' is recommended as a substitute for [[reservoir aggregate| clear stone]] in LID construction. | + | <onlyinclude>Of the standard granular materials in the standard [https://www.roadauthority.com/Standards/?id=a28fdfaf-3bf8-4679-81ca-4e44b2263cf8 OPSS.PROV 1010] only '''Granular O''' is recommended as a substitute for [[reservoir aggregate| clear stone]] in LID construction. |
| {{Textbox|1= Where Granular O is substituted for clear stone in underground reservoir structures, the porosity used in design calculations shall be '''0.3''' unless laboratory testing proves otherwise.}} | | {{Textbox|1= Where Granular O is substituted for clear stone in underground reservoir structures, the porosity used in design calculations shall be '''0.3''' unless laboratory testing proves otherwise.}} |
| Examples of BMPs with underground reservoirs include [[Underdrains]], [[infiltration trenches]], [[permeable pavements]], [[infiltration chambers]], [[exfiltration trenches]]. | | Examples of BMPs with underground reservoirs include [[Underdrains]], [[infiltration trenches]], [[permeable pavements]], [[infiltration chambers]], [[exfiltration trenches]]. |
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| {| class="wikitable" | | {| class="wikitable" |
− | |+ Grain size analysis, percent passing<ref>OPSS. (2013). Material Specification for Aggregates - Base, Subbase, Select Subgrade, and Backfill Material. Retrieved from http://www.raqsb.mto.gov.on.ca/techpubs/ops.nsf/0/0b9aa4d966cac4f9852580820062909e/$FILE/OPSS.MUNI%201010%20Nov%2013.pdf</ref> | + | |+ Grain size analysis, percent passing<ref>OPSS. (2013). Material Specification for Aggregates - Base, Subbase, Select Subgrade, and Backfill Material. Retrieved from https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/91ba-ecs-specs-roadspecs-TS_1010_Sep2017.pdf</ref> <ref>OPSS. (2020). Construction Specification for Open Grades Drainage Layer. OPSS.PROV 320. Retrieved from: https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/91ba-ecs-specs-roadspecs-TS_1010_Sep2017.pdf</ref> |
| !rowspan = "2" align = center| Sieve size (mm) | | !rowspan = "2" align = center| Sieve size (mm) |
| !colspan = "2" align = center| A | | !colspan = "2" align = center| A |
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| | 0.075 || 2 || 8 || 0 || 8 || 0 || 10 || 0 || 8 || 2 || 8 || 0 || 5 || 0 ||style='color: red'|25|| 2|| 0 | | | 0.075 || 2 || 8 || 0 || 8 || 0 || 10 || 0 || 8 || 2 || 8 || 0 || 5 || 0 ||style='color: red'|25|| 2|| 0 |
| |- | | |- |
− | | d<sub>60</sub> || 13 || 6 || 35 || 0.25 || 25 || 6 || 40 || 1.2 || 10 || 5 || 15 || 7 || 35 || 0.15 || style='color: red'|NaN || style='color: red'|NaN | + | | d<sub>60</sub> || 13 || 6 || 35 || 0.25 || 25 || 6 || 40 || 1.2 || 10 || 5 || 15 || 7 || 35 || 0.15 || 2 || style='color: red'|NaN |
| |- | | |- |
− | | d<sub>10</sub> || 0.7 || 0.1 || 1 || 0.08 || 1.2 || 0.075 || 1.2 || 0.085 || 0.6 || 0.09 || 2.5 || 0.3 || 1.2 ||style='color: red'|NaN || style='color: red'|NaN|| style='color: red'|NaN | + | | d<sub>10</sub> || 0.7 || 0.1 || 1 || 0.08 || 1.2 || 0.075 || 1.2 || 0.085 || 0.6 || 0.09 || 2.5 || 0.3 || 1.2 ||style='color: red'|NaN || 0.658|| 0.466 |
| |- | | |- |
− | | Content Uniformity || 19 || 60 || 35 || 3 || 21 || 80 || 33 || 14 || 17 || 56 || 6 || 23 || 29 || || || | + | | Content Uniformity || 19 || 60 || 35 || 3 || 21 || 80 || 33 || 14 || 17 || 56 || 6 || 23 || 29 || || 3||style='color: red'|NaN |
| |- | | |- |
| | Porosity (Vukovic) || 0.26 || 0.26 || 0.40 || 0.26 || 0.26 || 0.26 || 0.27 || 0.26 || 0.27 || 0.26 || 0.34 || 0.26 || 0.26 || || 0.40 || 0.25 | | | Porosity (Vukovic) || 0.26 || 0.26 || 0.40 || 0.26 || 0.26 || 0.26 || 0.27 || 0.26 || 0.27 || 0.26 || 0.34 || 0.26 || 0.26 || || 0.40 || 0.25 |
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| Permeability (''K'') was estimated from the 10th percentile grain size using the [[Hazen]] formula. | | Permeability (''K'') was estimated from the 10th percentile grain size using the [[Hazen]] formula. |
− | ----
| + | |
| + | ==References== |
| + | |
| [[Category: Materials]] | | [[Category: Materials]] |