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[[File:Aggregates Highway 7.jpg|thumb|The fines can clearly be seen on these piles of standard OPSS aggregates for road reconstruction]]
[[File:Aggregates Highway 7.jpg|thumb|The fines can clearly be seen on these piles of standard OPSS aggregates for road reconstruction]]
<onlyinclude>Of the standard granular materials in the standard [http://www.raqsb.mto.gov.on.ca/techpubs/ops.nsf/0/0b9aa4d966cac4f9852580820062909e/$FILE/OPSS.MUNI%201010%20Nov%2013.pdf OPSS.MUNI 1010] only '''Granular O''' is recommended as a substitute for [[reservoir aggregate| clear stone]] in LID construction.
<onlyinclude>Of the standard granular materials in the standard [https://www.roadauthority.com/Standards/?id=a28fdfaf-3bf8-4679-81ca-4e44b2263cf8 OPSS.PROV 1010] only '''Granular O''' is recommended as a substitute for [[reservoir aggregate| clear stone]] in LID construction.
{{Textbox|1= Where Granular O is substituted for clear stone in underground reservoir structures, the porosity used in design calculations shall be '''0.3''' unless laboratory testing proves otherwise.}}
{{Textbox|1= Where Granular O is substituted for clear stone in underground reservoir structures, the porosity used in design calculations shall be '''0.3''' unless laboratory testing proves otherwise.}}
Examples of BMPs with underground reservoirs include [[Underdrains]], [[infiltration trenches]], [[permeable paving]], [[infiltration chambers]], [[exfiltration trenches]].
Examples of BMPs with underground reservoirs include [[Underdrains]], [[infiltration trenches]], [[permeable pavements]], [[infiltration chambers]], [[exfiltration trenches]].
All other mixes must be avoided for free drainage or storage as they are permitted to contain a higher enough proportion of fines to reduce permeability below 50 mm/hr.
All other mixes must be avoided for free drainage or storage as they are permitted to contain a higher enough proportion of fines to reduce permeability below 50 mm/hr.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Grain size analysis, percent passing<ref>OPSS. (2013). Material Specficiation for Aggregates - Base, Subbase, Select Subgrade, and Backfill Material. Retrieved from http://www.raqsb.mto.gov.on.ca/techpubs/ops.nsf/0/0b9aa4d966cac4f9852580820062909e/$FILE/OPSS.MUNI%201010%20Nov%2013.pdf</ref>
|+ Grain size analysis, percent passing<ref>OPSS. (2013). Material Specification for Aggregates - Base, Subbase, Select Subgrade, and Backfill Material. Retrieved from https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/91ba-ecs-specs-roadspecs-TS_1010_Sep2017.pdf</ref> <ref>OPSS. (2020). Construction Specification for Open Grades Drainage Layer. OPSS.PROV 320. Retrieved from: https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/91ba-ecs-specs-roadspecs-TS_1010_Sep2017.pdf</ref>
!rowspan = "2" align = center| Sieve size (mm)
!rowspan = "2" align = center| Sieve size (mm)
!colspan = "2" align = center| A
!colspan = "2" align = center| A
!colspan = "2" align = center| M
!colspan = "2" align = center| M
!colspan = "2" align = center| O
!colspan = "2" align = center| O
!colspan = "2" align = center| SSM
!colspan = "2" align = center| (SSM)<br>
<small>Select Subgrade Materials</small>
!colspan = "2" align = center| (OGDL)<br>
<small>Open Graded Drainage Layer</small>
|-
|-
| High || Low || High || Low || High || Low || High || Low || High || Low || High || Low || High || Low
| High || Low || High || Low || High || Low || High || Low || High || Low || High || Low || High || Low|| High || Low
|-
|-
| 150 || || || 100 || 100 || || || 100 || 100 || || || || || 100 || 100
| 150 || || || 100 || 100 || || || 100 || 100 || || || || || 100 || 100|| ||
|-
|-
| 106 || || || || || 100 || 100 || || || || || || || ||
| 106 || || || || || 100 || 100 || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
|-
| 37.5 || || || || || || || || || || || 100 || 100 || ||
| 37.5 || || || || || || || || || || || 100 || 100 || || || 100|| 100
|-
|-
| 26.5 || 100 || 100 || 50 || 100 || 50 || 100 || 50 || 100 || || || 95 || 100 || 50 || 100
| 26.5 || 100 || 100 || 50 || 100 || 50 || 100 || 50 || 100 || || || 95 || 100 || 50 || 100|| 100|| 95
|-
|-
| 19 || 85 || 100 || || || || || || || 100 || 100 || 80 || 95 || ||
| 19 || 85 || 100 || || || || || || || 100 || 100 || 80 || 95 || || || 100|| 90
|-
|-
| 13.2 || 65 || 90 || || || || || || || 75 || 95 || 60 || 80 || ||
| 13.2 || 65 || 90 || || || || || || || 75 || 95 || 60 || 80 || || || 86|| 40
|-
|-
| 9.5 || 50 || 73 || || || || || 32 || 100 || 55 || 80 || 50 || 70 || ||
| 9.5 || 50 || 73 || || || || || 32 || 100 || 55 || 80 || 50 || 70 || || || 55|| 20
|-
|-
| 4.75 || 35 || 55 || 20 || 100 || 20 || 55 || 20 || 90 || 35 || 55 || 20 || 45 || 20 || 100
| 4.75 || 35 || 55 || 20 || 100 || 20 || 55 || 20 || 90 || 35 || 55 || 20 || 45 || 20 || 100 || 10|| 0
|-
|-
| 1.18 || 15 || 40 || 10 || 100 || 10 || 40 || 10 || 60 || 15 || 40 || 0 || 15 || 10 || 100
| 1.18 || 15 || 40 || 10 || 100 || 10 || 40 || 10 || 60 || 15 || 40 || 0 || 15 || 10 || 100|| ||
|-
|-
| 0.3 || 5 || 22 || 2 || 65 || 5 || 22 || 2 || 35 || 5 || 22 || || || 5 || 95
| 0.3 || 5 || 22 || 2 || 65 || 5 || 22 || 2 || 35 || 5 || 22 || || || 5 || 95|| ||
|-
|-
| 0.15 || || 15 || || || || || || || || || || || 2 || 65
| 0.15 || || 15 || || || || || || || || || || || 2 || 65|| ||
|-
|-
| 0.075 || 2 || 8 || 0 || 8 || 0 || 10 || 0 || 8 || 2 || 8 || 0 || 5 || 0 ||style='color: red'|25
| 0.075 || 2 || 8 || 0 || 8 || 0 || 10 || 0 || 8 || 2 || 8 || 0 || 5 || 0 ||style='color: red'|25|| 2|| 0
|-
|-
| d<sub>60</sub> || 13 || 6 || 35 || 0.25 || 25 || 6 || 40 || 1.2 || 10 || 5 || 15 || 7 || 35 || 0.15
| d<sub>60</sub> || 13 || 6 || 35 || 0.25 || 25 || 6 || 40 || 1.2 || 10 || 5 || 15 || 7 || 35 || 0.15 || 2 || style='color: red'|NaN
|-
|-
| d<sub>10</sub> || 0.7 || 0.1 || 1 || 0.08 || 1.2 || 0.075 || 1.2 || 0.085 || 0.6 || 0.09 || 2.5 || 0.3 || 1.2 ||style='color: red'|NaN
| d<sub>10</sub> || 0.7 || 0.1 || 1 || 0.08 || 1.2 || 0.075 || 1.2 || 0.085 || 0.6 || 0.09 || 2.5 || 0.3 || 1.2 ||style='color: red'|NaN || 0.658|| 0.466
|-
|-
| Content Uniformity || 19 || 60 || 35 || 3 || 21 || 80 || 33 || 14 || 17 || 56 || 6 || 23 || 29 ||
| Content Uniformity || 19 || 60 || 35 || 3 || 21 || 80 || 33 || 14 || 17 || 56 || 6 || 23 || 29 || || 3||style='color: red'|NaN
|-
|-
| Porosity (Vukovic) || 0.26 || 0.26 || 0.26 || 0.40 || 0.26 || 0.26 || 0.26 || 0.27 || 0.27 || 0.26 || 0.34 || 0.26 || 0.26 ||
| Porosity (Vukovic) || 0.26 || 0.26 || 0.40 || 0.26 || 0.26 || 0.26 || 0.27 || 0.26 || 0.27 || 0.26 || 0.34 || 0.26 || 0.26 || || 0.40 || 0.25
|-
|-
! Mean porosity (Vukovic)
! Mean porosity (Vukovic)
!colspan = "2" align = center| 0.3
!colspan = "2" align = center| 0.3
!colspan = "2" align = center| 0.26
!colspan = "2" align = center| 0.26
!colspan = "2" align = center| 0.38
|-
|-
| K<sub>(Hazen)</sub>(mm/hr) || 1764 ||style='color: red'|36 || 3600 ||style='color: red'|23 || 5184 ||style='color: red'|20 || 5184 ||style='color: red'|26|| 1296 ||style='color: red'|29|| 22500 || 324 || 5184 ||style='color: red'|NaN
| K<sub>(Hazen)</sub>(mm/hr) || 1764 ||style='color: red'|36 || 3600 ||style='color: red'|23 || 5184 ||style='color: red'|20 || 5184 ||style='color: red'|26|| 1296 ||style='color: red'|29|| 22500 || 324 || 5184 ||style='color: red'|NaN ||62500 ||
|-
|-
! Mean K<sub>(hazen)</sub>(mm/hr)
! Mean K<sub>(hazen)</sub>(mm/hr)
!colspan = "2" align = center| 11412
!colspan = "2" align = center| 11412
!colspan = "2" align = center style='color: red'|NaN
!colspan = "2" align = center style='color: red'|NaN
!colspan = "2" align = center| 62500
|}
|}
Permeability (''K'') was estimated from the 10th percentile grain size using the [[Hazen]] formula.
Permeability (''K'') was estimated from the 10th percentile grain size using the [[Hazen]] formula.
==References==
[[Category: Materials]]
[[Category: Materials]]