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*Waterproof containment can be created using a plastic membrane/liner (HDPE or EPDM are common materials).
An impermeable liner is incorporated into non-infiltrating practices such as [[stormwater planters]], and may be applied in [[permeable pavements]] installations where separation from the native soils and groundwater is required.
*Waterproof containment can be created using concrete or a plastic membrane/liner (HDPE or EPDM are common materials).
**When the membrane is being used directly in the ground, punctures from stones can be prevented by compacting a layer sand (30 - 50 mm) over the soil prior to installing the membrane.
**When the membrane is being used directly in the ground, punctures from stones can be prevented by compacting a layer sand (30 - 50 mm) over the soil prior to installing the membrane.
**Similarly, a 50 mm sand layer should be applied on top of the membrane to protect it from the clear stone being used for drainage inside the BMP.
**Alternatively, a manufactured cushion fabric (geotextile) can be employed for this purpose.
*Some designs include a concrete cell to prevent infiltration. The longevity of this type of construction may be improved with a coating of liquid waterproofing compound.
**The top surface of the membrane must also be protected from stone and gravel being used for inside the BMP. Again, sand or a cushion fabric may be used.
*When a pipe is used to provide drainage from the practice to an outlet structure or storm sewer, a 'pipe boot' or flange should be sealed to both the pipe and the liner to prevent leaks.
[[Category:Materials]]