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LID opportunities in road-right-of-ways (view source)
Revision as of 17:22, 12 June 2018
, 5 years ago→Other design considerations
Rights of way (RoW) standards in Ontario vary by municipality, but generally there are seven typical ROW types:
Rights of way (ROW) standards in Ontario vary by municipality, but generally there are seven typical ROW types:
{{TOClimit|2}}
{{TOClimit|2}}
This article discusses the characteristics, opportunities, constraints, and examples for each of these road types. This guidance is not intended to be prohibitive of other LID options, but rather to help reduce the number of LID options in the preliminary phases of screening and to alert the designer to LID opportunities unique to each road type. Adjacent land uses, traffic demands, utility locations, budget constraints and geological conditions will determine the most appropriate LID solution.
This article discusses the characteristics, opportunities, constraints, and examples for each of these road types. This guidance is not intended to be prohibitive of other LID options, but rather to help reduce the number of LID options in the preliminary phases of screening and to alert the designer to LID opportunities unique to each road type. Adjacent land uses, traffic demands, utility locations, budget constraints and geological conditions will determine the most appropriate LID solution.
==Local residential road==
==Local residential road==
[[File:Local Residential Road Rural Cross-section.png|thumb|Residential Road (Rural Cross-Section) and applicable LID options]]
[[File:Local Residential Road Rural Cross-section.png|thumb|Residential Road (Rural Cross-Section) and applicable LID options]]
Local residential streets are the most common street type. They serve as access to the residential lots within areas created by, or bounded by, thoroughfares, arterials, collectors, primary residential streets and other physical boundaries, e.g. natural streams and railroads. Since their primary function is local vehicular access rather than inter-community circulation, theses roads have low traffic volumes and serve mostly lightweight vehicular traffic, but they must accommodate the rapid access needs of emergency vehicles.
Local residential streets are the most common street type. They serve as access to the residential lots within areas created by, or bounded by, thoroughfares, arterials, collectors, primary residential streets and other physical boundaries, e.g. natural streams and railroads. Since their primary function is local vehicular access rather than inter-community circulation, theses roads have low traffic volumes and serve mostly lightweight vehicular traffic, but they must accommodate the rapid access needs of emergency vehicles.
===Rural cross-section===
===Rural cross-section===
{{Textbox|1=Characteristics specific to the residential rural cross section include:
{{Textbox|1=Characteristics specific to the residential rural cross section include:
*Shoulders are grassed, gravel, or bare soil from winter maintenance, pedestrians and street side parking
*Shoulders are grassed, gravel, or bare soil from winter maintenance, pedestrians and street side parking
*Side drainage ditches are often narrow, poorly graded,and can be difficult for homeowners to maintain
*Side drainage ditches are often narrow, poorly graded,and can be difficult for homeowners to maintain
*Utilities are often in separate trenches rather than a combined utility trench}}
*Utilities are often in separate trenches rather than a combined utility trench}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ LID options for rural residential road (rural cross section)<br>
|+ LID options for rural residential road (rural cross section)<br>
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
! ROW Construction Type
! RoW Construction Type
! [[Bioretention]] Planter
! [[Stormwater planters]]
! Curb extension
! [[Curb extensions]]
! Boulevard [[Bioretention|bioretention]]
! Boulevard [[Bioretention|bioretention]]
! [[Bioswales|Bioswale]]
! [[Bioswales|Bioswales]]
! [[Enhanced grass swales]]
! [[Enhanced swales]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches|Perforated pipe]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches]]
! [[Permeable paving|Permeable pavement (sidewalk)]]
! [[Permeable paving]]
! Prefabricated modules
! Prefabricated modules
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left;" |Reconstruction || o ||o || * ||** || ** ||* || * || o
|style="text-align: left;" |Reconstruction || o ||o || * ||** || ** ||* || * || o
|}
|}
{|class= wikitable "style=text-align: center;"
{|class= wikitable "style=text-align: center;"
===Urban cross-section===
===Urban cross-section===
[[File:Local Residential Road Urban Cross-section.png|thumb|Local residential road (urban cross-section) and applicable LID options]]
[[File:Local Residential Road Urban Cross-section.png|thumb|Local residential road (urban cross-section) and applicable LID options]]
{{Textbox|1= Characteristics specific to the urban cross section include:
{{Textbox|1= Characteristics specific to the urban cross section include:
*Parking zones are often underused
*Parking zones are often underused
*Residential boulevard space is the easiest to modify and use for stormwater management compared to other street types
*Residential boulevard space is the easiest to modify and use for stormwater management compared to other street types
*Utility lines may be in separate or shared trenches}}
*Utility lines may be in separate or shared trenches}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ LID options for local residential road (urban cross section) <br>
|+ LID options for local residential road (urban cross section) <br>
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
! ROW Construction Type
! RoW Construction Type
! [[Bioretention]] Planter
! [[Stormwater planters]]
! Curb extension
! [[Curb extensions]]
! Boulevard [[Bioretention|bioretention]]
! Boulevard [[Bioretention|bioretention]]
! [[Bioswales|Bioswale]]
! [[Bioswales|Bioswale]]
! [[Enhanced grass swales]]
! [[Enhanced swales]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches|Perforated pipe]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches]]
! [[Permeable paving|Permeable pavement (sidewalk)]]
! [[Permeable paving]] (sidewalk)
! Prefabricated modules
! Prefabricated modules
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left;" |Rural to Urban Reconstruction|| o || * ||** ||* || * ||** ||** || o
|style="text-align: left;" |Rural to Urban Reconstruction|| o || * ||** ||* || * ||** ||** || o
|style="text-align: left;" |Reduction || o || * || ** ||* || * ||** || o || o
|style="text-align: left;" |Reduction || o || * || ** ||* || * ||** || o || o
|}
|}
{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
|+ LID options for residential collector road <br>
|+ LID options for residential collector road <br>
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
! ROW Construction Type
! RoW Construction Type
! [[Bioretention]] Planter
! [[Stormwater planters]]
! Curb extension
! [[Curb extensions]]
! Boulevard [[Bioretention|bioretention]]
! Boulevard [[Bioretention|bioretention]]
! [[Bioswales|Bioswale]]
! [[Bioswales|Bioswales]]
! [[Enhanced grass swales]]
! [[Enhanced swales]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches|Perforated pipe]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches]]
! [[Permeable paving|Permeable pavement (sidewalk)]]
! [[Permeable paving]] (sidewalk)
! Prefabricated modules
! Prefabricated modules
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left;" |Rural Resurfacing|| o || o ||** ||** ||** || * || * || o
|style="text-align: left;" |Rural Resurfacing|| o || o ||** ||** ||** || * || * || o
|style="text-align: left;" |Urban Reduction || o || o || ** ||* || o ||** || o || *
|style="text-align: left;" |Urban Reduction || o || o || ** ||* || o ||** || o || *
|}
|}
{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
|+ LID options local industrial road <br>
|+ LID options local industrial road <br>
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
! ROW Construction Type
! RoW Construction Type
! [[Bioretention]] Planter
! [[Stormwater planters]]
! Curb extension
! [[Curb extensions]]
! Boulevard [[Bioretention|bioretention]]
! Boulevard [[Bioretention|bioretention]]
! [[Bioswales|Bioswale]]
! [[Bioswales|Bioswales]]
! [[Enhanced grass swales]]
! [[Enhanced swales]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches|Perforated pipe]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches]]
! [[Permeable paving|Permeable pavement (sidewalk)]]
! [[Permeable paving]] (sidewalk)
! Prefabricated modules
! Prefabricated modules
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left;" |Rural Resurfacing|| o || o ||* ||*||** || * || * || *
|style="text-align: left;" |Rural Resurfacing|| o || o ||* ||*||** || * || * || *
|+ LID options industrial collector road <br>
|+ LID options industrial collector road <br>
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
! ROW Construction Type
! RoW Construction Type
! [[Bioretention]] Planter
! [[Stormwater planters]]
! Curb extension
! [[Curb extensions]]
! Boulevard [[Bioretention|bioretention]]
! Boulevard [[Bioretention|bioretention]]
! [[Bioswales|Bioswale]]
! [[Bioswales|Bioswales]]
! [[Enhanced grass swales]]
! [[Enhanced swales]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches|Perforated pipe]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches]]
! [[Permeable paving|Permeable pavement (sidewalk)]]
! [[Permeable paving]]
! Prefabricated modules
! Prefabricated modules
|-
|-
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
! ROW Construction Type
! ROW Construction Type
! [[Bioretention]] Planter
! [[Stormwater planters]]
! Curb extension
! [[Curb extensions]]
! Boulevard [[Bioretention|bioretention]]
! Boulevard [[Bioretention|bioretention]]
! [[Bioswales|Bioswale]]
! [[Bioswales|Bioswales]]
! [[Enhanced grass swales]]
! [[Enhanced swales]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches|Perforated pipe]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches]]
! [[Permeable paving|Permeable pavement (sidewalk)]]
! [[Permeable paving]]
! Prefabricated modules
! Prefabricated modules
|-
|-
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
! ROW Construction Type
! ROW Construction Type
! [[Bioretention]] Planter
! [[Stormwater planters]]
! Curb extension
! [[Curb extensions]]
! Boulevard [[Bioretention|bioretention]]
! Boulevard [[Bioretention|bioretention]]
! [[Bioswales|Bioswale]]
! [[Bioswales|Bioswales]]
! [[Enhanced grass swales]]
! [[Enhanced swales]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches|Perforated pipe]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches]]
! [[Permeable paving|Permeable pavement (sidewalk)]]
! [[Permeable paving]]
! Prefabricated modules
! Prefabricated modules
|-
|-
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
! ROW Construction Type
! ROW Construction Type
! [[Bioretention]] Planter
! [[Stormwater planters]]
! Curb extension
! [[Curb extensions]]
! Boulevard [[Bioretention|bioretention]]
! Boulevard [[Bioretention|bioretention]]
! [[Bioswales|Bioswale]]
! [[Bioswales|Bioswales]]
! [[Enhanced grass swales]]
! [[Enhanced swales]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches|Perforated pipe]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches]]
! [[Permeable paving|Permeable pavement (sidewalk)]]
! [[Permeable paving]]
! Prefabricated modules
! Prefabricated modules
|-
|-
==Other design considerations==
==Other design considerations==
The previous sections presented the most common options based on road and construction types. The project team must use the information gathered through the [[Site conditions road right of ways|background review and field reconnaissance]], feedback gained from the public engagement, as well as from the LID practice Suitability & Considerations Comparison Table [[Link]] to determine the feasible and optimal LID options for the site. Below is a list of factors to be considered when choosing the type of practice and how it will be incorporated into the site:
The previous sections presented the most common options based on road and construction types. The project team must use the information gathered through the [[Site conditions road right of ways|background review and field reconnaissance]], feedback gained from the public engagement, as well as from the LID practice Suitability & Considerations Comparison Table to determine the feasible and optimal LID options for the site. Below is a list of factors to be considered when choosing the type of practice and how it will be incorporated into the site:
'''Relevant stormwater criteria –''' compliance with high level municipal and agency documents (i.e. Subwatershed study, master drainage plan).
'''Relevant stormwater criteria –''' compliance with high level municipal and agency documents (i.e. Subwatershed study, master drainage plan).