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LID opportunities in road-right-of-ways (view source)
Revision as of 18:27, 6 August 2020
, 3 years ago→Main streets
Rights of way (RoW) standards in Ontario vary by municipality, but generally there are seven typical ROW types:
Rights of way (ROW) standards in Ontario vary by municipality, but generally there are seven typical ROW types:
{{TOClimit|2}}
{{TOClimit|2}}
This article discusses the characteristics, opportunities, constraints, and examples for each of these road types. This guidance is not intended to be prohibitive of other LID options, but rather to help reduce the number of LID options in the preliminary phases of screening and to alert the designer to LID opportunities unique to each road type. Adjacent land uses, traffic demands, utility locations, budget constraints and geological conditions will determine the most appropriate LID solution.
This article discusses the characteristics, opportunities, constraints, and examples for each of these road types. This guidance is not intended to be prohibitive of other LID options, but rather to help reduce the number of LID options in the preliminary phases of screening and to alert the designer to LID opportunities unique to each road type. Adjacent land uses, traffic demands, utility locations, budget constraints and geological conditions will determine the most appropriate LID solution.
|+ LID options for rural residential road (rural cross section)<br>
|+ LID options for rural residential road (rural cross section)<br>
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
! ROW Construction Type
! RoW Construction Type
! [[Stormwater planters]]
! [[Stormwater planters]]
! [[Curb extensions]]
! [[Curb extensions]]
! Boulevard [[Bioretention|bioretention]]
! Boulevard [[Bioretention|bioretention]]
! [[Bioswales|Bioswale]]
! [[Bioswales|Bioswales]]
! [[Enhanced grass swales]]
! [[Enhanced swales]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches]]
! [[Permeable paving]]
! [[Permeable pavements]]
! Prefabricated modules
! Prefabricated modules
|-
|-
|-
|-
|
|
*Use of [[permeable paving]] within the roadway is not economical when there are adjacent [[swales]] to filter and infiltrate runoff
*Use of [[permeable pavements]] within the roadway is not economical when there are adjacent [[swales]] to filter and infiltrate runoff
|
|
*[[Bioswales]] or the use of [[perforated pipes]] beneath grass swales can reduce the nuisance problems associated with conventional swales like standing surface water and steep slopes
*[[Bioswales]] or the use of [[perforated pipes]] beneath grass swales can reduce the nuisance problems associated with conventional swales like standing surface water and steep slopes
|+ LID options for local residential road (urban cross section) <br>
|+ LID options for local residential road (urban cross section) <br>
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
! ROW Construction Type
! RoW Construction Type
! [[Stormwater planters]]
! [[Stormwater planters]]
! [[Curb extensions]]
! [[Curb extensions]]
! [[Enhanced swales]]
! [[Enhanced swales]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches]]
! [[Permeable paving]] (sidewalk)
! [[Permeable pavements]] (sidewalk)
! Prefabricated modules
! Prefabricated modules
|-
|-
|+ LID options for residential collector road <br>
|+ LID options for residential collector road <br>
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
! ROW Construction Type
! RoW Construction Type
! [[Stormwater Planter]]
! [[Stormwater planters]]
! [[Curb extension]]
! [[Curb extensions]]
! Boulevard [[Bioretention|bioretention]]
! Boulevard [[Bioretention|bioretention]]
! [[Bioswales|Bioswale]]
! [[Bioswales|Bioswales]]
! [[Enhanced grass swales]]
! [[Enhanced swales]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches]]
! [[Permeable paving (sidewalk)]]
! [[Permeable pavements]] (sidewalk)
! Prefabricated modules
! Prefabricated modules
|-
|-
|-
|-
|
|
*[[Permeable paving]] is an option for parking lanes and sidewalk. However, permeable pavers are susceptible to clogging if receiving runoff drainage from adjoining asphalt roadway. Avoid permeable pavement for high traffic travel lanes. Pervious concrete or porous asphalt are options for bike lanes.
*[[Permeable pavements]] is an option for parking lanes and sidewalk. However, permeable pavers are susceptible to clogging if receiving runoff drainage from adjoining asphalt roadway. Avoid permeable pavement for high traffic travel lanes. Pervious concrete or porous asphalt are options for bike lanes.
*Perforated pipes are suitable for collectors with very limited space, particularly where there is no routine landscaping maintenance. However, adequate pretreatment such as grass swales, extended sump catchbasins, or prefabricated units must be provided.
*Perforated pipes are suitable for collectors with very limited space, particularly where there is no routine landscaping maintenance. However, adequate pretreatment such as grass swales, extended sump catchbasins, or prefabricated units must be provided.
*Curb extension bioretention is not a common practice for collectors, but they can be used in some cases to reduce pedestrian crossing distances at intersections
*Curb extension bioretention is not a common practice for collectors, but they can be used in some cases to reduce pedestrian crossing distances at intersections
|+ LID options local industrial road <br>
|+ LID options local industrial road <br>
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
! ROW Construction Type
! RoW Construction Type
! [[Stormwater Planter]]
! [[Stormwater planters]]
! [[Curb extension]]
! [[Curb extensions]]
! Boulevard [[Bioretention|bioretention]]
! Boulevard [[Bioretention|bioretention]]
! [[Bioswales|Bioswale]]
! [[Bioswales|Bioswales]]
! [[Enhanced grass swales]]
! [[Enhanced swales]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches]]
! [[Permeable paving (sidewalk)]]
! [[Permeable pavements]] (sidewalk)
! Prefabricated modules
! Prefabricated modules
|-
|-
|+ LID options industrial collector road <br>
|+ LID options industrial collector road <br>
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
! ROW Construction Type
! RoW Construction Type
! [[Stormwater Planter]]
! [[Stormwater planters]]
! [[Curb extension]]
! [[Curb extensions]]
! Boulevard [[Bioretention|bioretention]]
! Boulevard [[Bioretention|bioretention]]
! [[Bioswales|Bioswale]]
! [[Bioswales|Bioswales]]
! [[Enhanced grass swales]]
! [[Enhanced swales]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches]]
! [[Permeable paving (sidewalk)]]
! [[Permeable pavements]]
! Prefabricated modules
! Prefabricated modules
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left;" |Rural Resurfacing|| o || o ||* ||*||** || * || * || *
|style="text-align: left;" |Rural Resurfacing|| o || o ||* ||*||** || * || * || *
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
! ROW Construction Type
! ROW Construction Type
! [[Stormwater Planter]]
! [[Stormwater planters]]
! [[Curb extension]]
! [[Curb extensions]]
! Boulevard [[Bioretention|bioretention]]
! Boulevard [[Bioretention|bioretention]]
! [[Bioswales|Bioswale]]
! [[Bioswales|Bioswales]]
! [[Enhanced grass swales]]
! [[Enhanced swales]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches]]
! [[Permeable paving (sidewalk)]]
! [[Permeable pavements]]
! Prefabricated modules
! Prefabricated modules
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left;" |Rural Resurfacing|| o || o ||* ||*||** || * || * || *
|style="text-align: left;" |Rural Resurfacing|| o || o ||* ||*||** || * || * || *
*Dedicated parking lanes or parking lay-bys can be converted to permeable pavers. The permeable parking lane can be designed to accept only the rainfall that falls on it or it can take runoff from up to two additional lanes.
*Dedicated parking lanes or parking lay-bys can be converted to permeable pavers. The permeable parking lane can be designed to accept only the rainfall that falls on it or it can take runoff from up to two additional lanes.
'''Within the boulevard:'''
'''Within the boulevard:'''
*Attractive [[stormwater planters]] and [[permeable paving]] sidewalks are appropriate for high density areas and where business districts expect an enhanced or signature streetscape.
*Attractive [[stormwater planters]] and [[permeable pavements|permeable pavement]] sidewalks are appropriate for high density areas and where business districts expect an enhanced or signature streetscape.
*Street [[trees]] can be supported with LID options by providing root volume space in [[bioretention]] practices or with sidewalk support systems. Permeable sidewalks allow air and moisture to reach tree roots, which in turn reduces sidewalk buckling from roots pushing through the surface.
*Street [[trees]] can be supported with LID options by providing root volume space in [[bioretention]] practices or with sidewalk support systems. Permeable sidewalks allow air and moisture to reach tree roots, which in turn reduces sidewalk buckling from roots pushing through the surface.
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
! ROW Construction Type
! ROW Construction Type
! [[Stormwater Planters]]
! [[Stormwater planters]]
! [[Curb extensions]]
! [[Curb extensions]]
! Boulevard [[Bioretention|bioretention]]
! Boulevard [[Bioretention|bioretention]]
! [[Bioswales|Bioswale]]
! [[Bioswales|Bioswales]]
! [[Enhanced grass swales]]
! [[Enhanced swales]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches]]
! [[Permeable paving (sidewalk)]]
! [[Permeable pavements]]
! Prefabricated modules
! Prefabricated modules
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left;" |Rural Resurfacing|| o || o ||* ||*||** || * || * || *
|style="text-align: left;" |Rural Resurfacing|| o || o ||* ||*||** || * || * || *
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
(** = Common, * = Possible, o = Unusual)
! ROW Construction Type
! ROW Construction Type
! [[Stormwater Planter]]
! [[Stormwater planters]]
! [[Curb extension]]
! [[Curb extensions]]
! Boulevard [[Bioretention|bioretention]]
! Boulevard [[Bioretention|bioretention]]
! [[Bioswales|Bioswale]]
! [[Bioswales|Bioswales]]
! [[Enhanced grass swales]]
! [[Enhanced swales]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches]]
! [[Exfiltration trenches]]
! [[Permeable paving (sidewalk)]]
! [[Permeable pavements]]
! Prefabricated modules
! Prefabricated modules
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left;" |Urban Resurfacing|| o || o ||o ||o||o || o || * || **
|style="text-align: left;" |Urban Resurfacing|| o || o ||o ||o||o || o || * || **
==Other design considerations==
==Other design considerations==
The previous sections presented the most common options based on road and construction types. The project team must use the information gathered through the [[Site conditions road right of ways|background review and field reconnaissance]], feedback gained from the public engagement, as well as from the LID practice Suitability & Considerations Comparison Table [[Link]] to determine the feasible and optimal LID options for the site. Below is a list of factors to be considered when choosing the type of practice and how it will be incorporated into the site:
The previous sections presented the most common options based on road and construction types. The project team must use the information gathered through the [[Site conditions road right of ways|background review and field reconnaissance]], feedback gained from the public engagement, as well as from the LID practice Suitability & Considerations Comparison Table to determine the feasible and optimal LID options for the site. Below is a list of factors to be considered when choosing the type of practice and how it will be incorporated into the site:
'''Relevant stormwater criteria –''' compliance with high level municipal and agency documents (i.e. Subwatershed study, master drainage plan).
'''Relevant stormwater criteria –''' compliance with high level municipal and agency documents (i.e. Subwatershed study, master drainage plan).