Difference between revisions of "LID opportunities in park lands"

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'''<h3>LID opportunities in parks</h3>'''  [[File:Example.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|The bioretention area installed at O’Connor Park
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#REDIRECT [[LID opportunities on public land]]
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in Mississauga is part of a stormwater management system
 
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that treats parking lot runoff prior to discharging to a local
 
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wetland. (Source: CVC)]]
 
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Parks range from simple parcels of municipal property to
 
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complex outdoor recreational facilities that include parking,
 
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sidewalks, trails, sports fields, field houses, operations
 
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facilities, and washrooms. Each distinct area of your site can
 
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be a source for runoff (referred to as a ‘source area’). These
 
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areas should be targeted when introducing LID in your park.
 
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<br><br>
 
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'''<h4>Targeting hard surfaces</h4>'''
 
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Hard surfaces like parking lots and internal driveways are the
 
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most obvious areas to target for both stormwater quality and
 
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water balance improvements. These features produce more
 
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runoff than any other area on your site. Water quality of runoff
 
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from parking lots and driveways is typically more polluted
 
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than other source areas. Common water quality concerns
 
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include sand and salt from winter de-icing operations, and
 
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hydrocarbons (gasoline) and metals from vehicle breakdowns
 
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Runoff from vegetated areas of parks will be relatively
 
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clean and more closely match the natural water balance.
 
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On municipal park properties, hard surfaces are usually
 
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located adjacent to pervious areas such as lawns, gardens or naturalized areas. This makes an ideal location for a LID
 
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retrofit. Where grading allows, you can construct bioswales
 
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and bioretention areas in these green areas to pre-treat water
 
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prior to infiltration.
 
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You can also design parking surfaces and internal roadways
 
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as infiltration systems using permeable pavement. This retrofit
 
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strategy can be combined with other LID practices.
 
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A pedestrian pathway paved with permeable pavement
 
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is another LID option for your park. They will reduce runoff
 
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volumes and encourage on-site infiltration. Pervious pipes
 
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are a viable option on many parks sites as well. They can be
 
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an alternative to conventional conveyance systems such as
 
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storm sewers. They encourage infiltration from hard surfaces
 
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and can be used to convey water to other LID features.
 
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<br> <br>
 
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'''<h4>Accepting drainage from off-site areas</h4>'''  [[File:Example1.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|Urban parkettes may look small, but they have
 
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the potential to treat a large surface area of road. Typical ratios
 
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of impervious drainage area to bioretention range from 5:1 to
 
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15:1. (Source: CVC)]]
 
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Does municipally owned land drain into your retrofit site? If
 
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so, this is an opportunity to provide stormwater controls for
 
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these areas.
 
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Roads are the most common source of runoff from external
 
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properties into parks. Treating municipal road runoff in a park
 
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requires planning input from municipal roads department
 
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staff. For these projects, the team must understand how all
 
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roads activities, including winter maintenance and potential
 
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roadwork, will affect the operation of LID practices in the park.
 
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<br><br>
 
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'''<h3>Inter-municipal transfer of funds</h3>''' Integrating LID practices into the municipal stormwater
 
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management framework may change how municipal funds are
 
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managed. Traditional stormwater management maintenance
 
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resources and funds may have to be transferred to a more landscape-based stormwater management maintenance program. Instead of infrequent but expensive stormwater management pond sediment removal operations, time and
 
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resources will be spent on more frequent but inexpensive maintenance projects including pruning and weeding bioretention practices or sweeping permeable pavement.
 
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Municipalities generally have the required staff and infrastructure within departments (e.g. arborist and horticulturalists in parks departments) to manage the maintenance of LID measures; however, funding this maintenance may require a transfer of funding and additional
 
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training.
 
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The federal Gas Tax Fund (GTF) is another funding option for
 
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funding LID retrofits. This is a federal transfer that provides
 
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long term funding for municipalities to build and revitalize
 
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public infrastructure. Up to 30% of municipalities yearly GTF
 
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allotment can be used towards stormwater management.
 
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<br><br>
 
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'''<h3>Source Areas</h3>'''  [[File:Example3.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|The road surface (left) contributes significantly
 
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more stormwater pollutants than the parkland area (right). To
 
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achieve maximum watershed benefit a designer could consider
 
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accepting runoff from this external area. (Source: CVC)]]
 
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The LID option that best fits your site will depend what types
 
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of source areas are present. Types of source areas include:
 
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• Active use area
 
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• Passive use area
 
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• Pedestrian walkway
 
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• Internal driveway
 
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• Parking lot
 
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On park sites, pollution prevention is often associated with
 
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changes to operations and maintenance practices and has
 
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not been included in Table 3.3.1. An aerial photo of a park
 
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with each of these source areas accompanies Table 3.3.1.
 
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Options and implementation strategies for a few of these
 
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source areas will give you some ideas for your park site.
 
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{| class="wikitable"
 
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|colspan="9" style="text-align: center;|'''[[LID Options for Parks]]'''
 
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|-
 
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| Source area || Permeable pavement || Bioretention || Enhanced grassed swales || Bioswales || Soakaways and infiltration chambers || Perforated pipe system || Landscape alternatives || Prefabricated modules
 
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|-
 
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| Active use area ||style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| o || style="text-align: center;|* || style="text-align: center;|* || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|* ||style="text-align: center;| o ||style="text-align: center;| o
 
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|-
 
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| Passive use area ||style="text-align: center;| o || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| ** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| ** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| **
 
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|-style="text-align: center;|
 
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| Pedestrian walkway || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| ** || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| * || style="text-align: center;|* || style="text-align: center;|o
 
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|-
 
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| Internal driveway || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| ** || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| ** || style="text-align: center;|o ||style="text-align: center;| *
 
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|-
 
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| Parking lot ||style="text-align: center;| ** || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** || style="text-align: center;|** ||style="text-align: center;| o || style="text-align: center;|**
 
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|-
 
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!colspan="3" style="background:cyan; color:black"| '''** Common option'''
 
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!colspan="3" style="background: orange; color: black"|'''* Possible option'''
 
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!colspan="3" style="background: brown; color: white"|'''o Unlikely'''
 
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|}
 

Latest revision as of 18:16, 15 March 2019

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