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Finishing grades and surface layer installation: vegetated LIDs (view source)
Revision as of 22:05, 23 November 2022
, 1 year ago→Soil media and amendments
==Soil media and amendments==
==Soil media and amendments==
[[File:P1090179 SlingerTruck.jpg|450px|thumb|right|Slinger truck applying soil media in bioretention project. (Photo source: CVC)]]
Bioretention can be constructed over any soil type, but [[Soil groups|hydrologic soil group A and B]] are best for achieving water balance objectives. Facilities designed to infiltrate water should be located on portions of the site with the highest infiltration rates. STEP has detailed construction guidance on soil amendments available on its [https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/home/urban-runoff-green-infrastructure/healthy-soils/construction-specifications-for-implementing-compost-amended-planting-soil-in-ontario/ Construction Specifications for Implementing Compost Amended Planting Soil in Ontario]<ref>STEP. 2019. Construction Specifications for Implementing Compost Amended Planting Soil in Ontario: https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/home/urban-runoff-green-infrastructure/healthy-soils/construction-specifications-for-implementing-compost-amended-planting-soil-in-ontario/</ref>. These resources include specification details and a spreadsheet calculator for determining soil and amendment volumes.
Bioretention can be constructed over any soil type, but [[Soil groups|hydrologic soil group A and B]] are best for achieving water balance objectives. Facilities designed to infiltrate water should be located on portions of the site with the highest infiltration rates. STEP has detailed construction guidance on soil amendments available on its [https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/home/urban-runoff-green-infrastructure/healthy-soils/construction-specifications-for-implementing-compost-amended-planting-soil-in-ontario/ Construction Specifications for Implementing Compost Amended Planting Soil in Ontario]<ref>STEP. 2019. Construction Specifications for Implementing Compost Amended Planting Soil in Ontario: https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/home/urban-runoff-green-infrastructure/healthy-soils/construction-specifications-for-implementing-compost-amended-planting-soil-in-ontario/</ref>. These resources include specification details and a spreadsheet calculator for determining soil and amendment volumes.
#Apply soil media with slinger trucks when possible. This type of equipment will reduce the need to move soil media manually or by backhoe.
#Apply soil media with slinger trucks when possible. This type of equipment will reduce the need to move soil media manually or by backhoe.
#Thoroughly wet each lift before adding the next and wait until water has drained through the soil before adding the next lift.
#Thoroughly wet each lift before adding the next and wait until water has drained through the soil before adding the next lift.
#Installed soil media should be firm to footprints when dry.
#If amending soils:<br>
#If amending soils:<br>
#*Stockpile native soils in designated areas.
#*Stockpile native soils in designated areas.
==Large stone and riprap==
==Large stone and riprap==
Riprap serves as a protective layer to: prevent sediment entering the underlying layers and clogging the LID facility, dissipate stormwater energy, and stabilize the terrain and slope.
'''Construction Steps:'''
#Backfill the material from the outside of the LID facility to avoid compaction.
#Ensure the material is being placed to the elevation and thickness to the design requirements.
'''Key Inspection Points:'''
*Arrival of material to the site: material meets specifications as per design, no debris in the aggregate and, if possible, washed or clean stone with little to no fine materials in it.
*Placement: material is backfilled to the right depth and elevation.
'''Common Mistakes to Avoid:'''
*Use of wrong material that does not meet design specifications. If there are changes in the material, it must be approved by the supervisor or project manager.<br>
[[Riprap: Gallery|Riprap]]
==Plant material verification and installation==
==Plant material verification and installation==
[[File:OLF Rain Garden.jpg|thumb|right|CVC staff planting plant material at Our Lady of Fatima Catholic School in Brampton, Ontario. (Photo Source: CVC, 2022)]]
A healthy and vibrant [[vegetation]] structure provides itself with nutrients to sustain growth. Additionally, it holds, and retains water and oxygen, and binds and degrades pollutants. When selecting plants, consider the following:
*Native species need fewer inputs and are better adapted to local climate and soils.
*Larger plant stock should be considered and prioritized in areas of frequent ponding and concentrated flows.
*Trees, shrubs, grasses, sedges and/or rushes present unique benefits and limitations in LID facilities. For example, debris from trees/shrubs may block outlets, but their size and form of planting can provide superior establishment in challenging locations.
*Planted plants in a moderately diverse cluster of plants are more easily maintained and more visually accepted and pleasing to the general public.
*A planting plan should include species that tolerate harsh conditions (e.g., drought, water inundation and/or salt). Most riparian plant species will do well in rain gardens, bioswales and bioretention facilities.<br>
[[File:IMG_20210512_094405.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Tree guards used at Haggert Ave bioswale in Brampton, Ontario. (Photo Source: CVC, 2019)]]
'''During installation:'''
*Time of planting: It is crucial for plant survival and thriving, avoid at all times planting during summer months with higher temperatures (July and August) and winter months (November - March). Consider planting early in the spring (April - June) or late in the fall (September - October).
*Planting depth: Plant each plug/tree or shrub to the desired depth as per design considerations. For small plants, it is recommended to use small tools such as a hand trowel.
*Plant substitution: Any changes in the species delivered during construction must be accepted by the designer and/or supervision team before installing.
*Trees/Shrubs protection: If any trees/shrubs need protection, ensure that they receive it by installing proper tree guards.
*Irrigation: It is recommended for the plant material to receive additional watering right after planting if no rainfall event occurs. Also, plant material should be watered during the summer months or during drought periods for two years after planting.
*Fertilizers: The use of these products is acceptable, as long as they are applied properly.
*Pesticides: It is recommended to only use if needed.
For more information regarding plant selection, refer to [[Plant lists]] and [[Plant selection]].
==Mulch placement==
==Mulch placement==
Wood mulch provides numerous functions to a bioretention practice including reducing soil erosion, filtration, protecting underlying soils from compaction, retaining moisture, and minimizing volunteer weed establishment. Communicate to contractor how to install and the mulch type in the plans and or specifications with notes, details, spot elevations, and other special features needed as per designed.
Wood [[mulch]] provides numerous functions to a bioretention practice including reducing soil erosion, filtration, protecting underlying soils from compaction, retaining moisture, and minimizing volunteer weed establishment. Communicate to contractor how to install and the mulch type in the plans and or specifications with notes, details, spot elevations, and other special features needed as per designed.
Equipment recommended for this task can be:
Equipment recommended for this task can be:
==Stabilizing contributing drainage area - planting adjacent vegetation==
==Stabilizing contributing drainage area - planting adjacent vegetation==
[[File:IMG 0852-1.JPG|150px|thumb|right|Natural lawn grass installed to stabilize the contributing drainage area at the Glendale P.S. rain garden in Brampton, Ontario.]]
[[File:IMG 0852-1.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Natural lawn grass installed to stabilize the contributing drainage area at the Glendale P.S. rain garden in Brampton, Ontario.]]
Similar to the plant material verification and installation task shown above, any planting required to stabilize the contributing drainage area will need to meet the specifications and considerations shown above.<br>
Similar to the plant material verification and installation task shown above, any planting required to stabilize the contributing drainage area will need to meet the specifications and considerations shown above.<br>
Additionally, if turf/grass is required to stabilize the contributing drainage area, installation should be done as per the grower/nursery’s specifications and standards.
Additionally, if [[turf]]/grass is required to stabilize the contributing drainage area, installation should be done as per the grower/nursery’s specifications and standards. See [[turf reinforcement]] for more information.
==As-built surveys==
==As-built surveys==
Throughout the construction process, it is sometimes necessary to deviate from the intended design of LID features and adapt the design to on-site conditions. The completion of a post-construction as-built survey is a standard operating procedure for engineering projects that captures any changes made to the feature’s design during construction. For an example of municipal standards for as-built surveys, refer to the City of Toronto's [https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/98c7-ecs-specs-surveys-engsrv_survey_standards_for_consultant.pdf Engineering Survey Standards for Consultants]<ref>City of Toronto. 2021. Engineering Survey Standards for Consultants. https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/98c7-ecs-specs-surveys-engsrv_survey_standards_for_consultant.pdf</ref>
'''Survey Steps:'''
#Use the same datum as the pre-engineering survey.
#If a pre-engineering survey is not available, use a reference feature as the datum.
#Identify the type, diameter, and material of exposed utilities.
#Include data on critical feature elevations and existing utilities, such as:
#*Inverts of newly installed pipe
#*Vertical and horizontal bends in pipes
#*Existing public utilities
#*Existing private utilities
#*New and existing structures (e.g., catchbasins, manholes, chambers, etc.)
'''Inspection Points:'''
*Datum matches the pre-engineering survey or selected reference feature.
*Data provided in as-built survey matches the as-built standards of the local municipality.
==Permanent fencing==
==Permanent fencing==