Changes

A number of granular amendments have been demonstrated to improve nutrient removal from discharge water in BMPs such as [[bioretention]] systems, [[stormwater planters]], [[absorbent landscapes]], [[sand filters]] or [[green roofs]].  

Design innovations to improve water quality treatment performance of filter media mixtures involve the incorporation of additives to enhance retention of reactive or dissolved pollutants.  A number of granular amendments have been demonstrated to improve nutrient removal from discharge water in BMPs such as [[bioretention]] systems, [[stormwater planters]], [[absorbent landscapes]], [[sand filters]] or [[green roofs]].  

There are two primary processes involved, chemical precipitation and adsorption. Both mechanisms are ultimately finite, but have been shown in come cases to make significant improvements on the discharged water quality over several years.

There are two primary processes involved, chemical precipitation and adsorption. Both mechanisms are ultimately finite, but have been shown in some cases to make significant improvements on the discharged water quality over several years. For instance, a two year STEP research study that compared standard bioretention media, to the same media amended with Sorbtive™ in one plot and iron enriched sand (aka red sand) in another showed statistically significant improvements in effluent phosphorus concentrations from the two media amended plots (STEP, 2019)<ref>STEP. 2019. Improving nutrient retention in bioretention. Technical Brief. Accessed: https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2019/06/improving-nutrient-retention-in-bioretention-tech-brief.pdf</ref>.

 

Determining when additive enhanced filter media needs replacing or maintenance represents a new challenge for stormwater asset managers, as there are no suitable visual indicators.  Erickson et al. (2018) suggest effluent sampling and laboratory testing to identify when enhanced filter media pollutant retention is waning, or periodic sampling and batch (laboratory) testing of filter media to directly measure its capacity to retain the targeted pollutants<ref>Erickson, A.J., Taguchi, V.J., Gulliver, J.S. 2018. The Challenge of Maintaining Stormwater Control Measures: A Synthesis of Recent Research and Practitioner Experience. Sustainability. 2018, 10, 3666. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/10/3666 </ref>. Periodic replacement of filter media at inlet locations should be considered as an operation and maintenance best practice to maintain treatment performance.

{{:Disclaimer}}

{{:Disclaimer}}

{|class="wikitable"

{|class="wikitable"

|+ Soil Additives

|+ Filter Media Additives

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!Material

!Material

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![[Bold & Gold]]^TM

![[Bold & Gold]]^TM

|Documented total phosphorus removal of up to 71%<ref>Hood A, Chopra M, Wanielista M. Assessment of Biosorption Activated Media Under Roadside Swales for the Removal of Phosphorus from Stormwater. Water. 2013;5(1):53-66. doi:10.3390/w5010053.</ref>||[http://boldandgold.com/index.html Proprietary]

|Documented total phosphorus removal of up to 71%<ref>Hood A, Chopra M, Wanielista M. Assessment of Biosorption Activated Media Under Roadside Swales for the Removal of Phosphorus from Stormwater. Water. 2013;5(1):53-66. doi:10.3390/w5010053.</ref>||[https://ecs-water.com/stormwater-management/filtration-media-solutions/ Proprietary]

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![[Fly ash]]<ref>Brown, G., Vogel, J., and Storm, D. (2016). “Using Fly Ash in Bioretention Cells to Remove Phosphorus from Stormwater.” <http://rgvstormwater.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Fly-Ash-Brown.pdf>.</ref>

![[Iron filings (ZVI) |Iron filings or Zero valent iron (ZVI)]]

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![[Iron filings (ZVI)]]

|Proven phosphorus retention <br> Retained phosphorus is stable||May harm plants<ref>Logsdon SD, Sauer PA. Iron Filings Cement Engineered Soil Mix. Agron J. 2016;108(4):1753. doi:10.2134/agronj2015.0427.</ref> <br> Removal efficiency declines with increased concentration of incoming phosphorus

|Proven phosphorus retention <br> Retained phosphorus is stable||May harm plants<ref>Logsdon SD, Sauer PA. Iron Filings Cement Engineered Soil Mix. Agron J. 2016;108(4):1753. doi:10.2134/agronj2015.0427.</ref> <br> Removal efficiency declines with increased concentration of incoming phosphorus

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![[Red sand]]

![[Red sand |Red sand or Iron-enriched sand]]

|Proven phosphorus removal <br> Also removes TSS||Poor orthophosphate removal in hypoxic or anoxic conditions

|Proven phosphorus removal <br> Also removes TSS||Poor orthophosphate removal in hypoxic or anoxic conditions

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|Removes phosphorus, as well as TSS, fecal coliform bacteria and heavy metals <br> Non-leaching||1-3 year lifespan, after which the product is removed as solid waste <br> [http://www.abtechindustries.com/smart-sponge Proprietary]

|Removes phosphorus, as well as TSS, fecal coliform bacteria and heavy metals <br> Non-leaching||1-3 year lifespan, after which the product is removed as solid waste <br> [http://www.abtechindustries.com/smart-sponge Proprietary]

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![[Sorbtive media]]^TM

![[Sorbtive media |Sorbtive Media]]^TM

|High phosphorus removal efficiency||[http://www.imbriumsystems.com/stormwater-treatment-solutions/sorbtive-media Proprietary]

|High phosphorus removal efficiency||[http://www.imbriumsystems.com/Portals/0/documents/sm/brochures/Sorbtive%20Media%20Brochure.pdf Proprietary]

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![[Water treatment residuals]]

![[Water treatment residuals]]

|Waste product reuse||Quality control (capabilities depend on source, treatment methods, storage time, etc of WTR)

|Waste product reuse||Quality control (capabilities depend on source, treatment methods, storage time)

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[[category: materials]]

[[category: materials]]

[[category: Phosphorus]]

[[category: Phosphorus]]

[[category: Water quality]]

[[category: Water quality]]