Changes

===Detention time===

===Detention time===

A detention time of 24 hours should be targeted in all instances. Where this necessaitates a very low outflow, a [[Flow control#Vortex valve|vortex valve]] or similar is recommended over an orifice or pipe restiction. The detention time is approximated by the drawdown time.

A detention time of 24 hours should be targeted in all instances. Where this necessaitates a very low outflow, a [[Flow control#Vortex valve|vortex valve]] or similar is recommended over an orifice or pipe restiction. The detention time is approximated by the drawdown time.

The drawdown time in the pond can be estimated using the classic falling head orifice equation which assumes a constant pond surface area<ref>Ontario Ministry of Environment. (2003). Stormwater Management Planning and Design Manual. Retrieved January 15, 2017, from https://www.ontario.ca/document/stormwater-management-planning-and-design-manual/stormwater-management-plan-and-swmp-design</ref>. This assumption is generally not valid, and a more accurate estimation can be made if the equation is solved as a differential equation. This is easily done if the relationship between pond surface area and pond depth is approximated using a linear regression.

The drawdown time in the pond can be estimated using the classic falling head orifice equation which assumes a constant pond surface area<ref>Ontario Ministry of Environment. (2003). Stormwater Management Planning and Design Manual. Retrieved January 15, 2017, from https://www.ontario.ca/document/stormwater-management-planning-and-design-manual/stormwater-management-plan-and-swmp-design</ref>. This assumption is generally not valid, and a more accurate estimation can be made if the equation is solved as a differential equation. This is easily done if the relationship between pond surface area and pond depth is approximated using a linear regression:

<math>A_O=\frac{2A_{P}}{t\ C(2g^{0.5})}\left ( h_{1}^{0.5}-h_{2}^{0.5} \right )</math>

<math>A_O=\frac{2A_{P}}{t\ C(2g^{0.5})}\left ( h_{1}^{0.5}-h_{2}^{0.5} \right )</math>