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==Overview==

==Overview==

Whilst we consider preparing our own set of STEP LID drawings, we are providing a quick reference list to drawing files from other Ontario and/or North American-based sources.

This page provides a collection of links to design standard and drawing examples from Ontario and/or North American-based sources.

If you want help in finding example details for an LID design, please email the [mailto:lid.pd.guide@gmail.com Wiki Guide email account] or use the comment box below.   

If you want help in finding example details for an LID design, please email the [mailto:lid.pd.guide@gmail.com Wiki Guide email account] or use the comment box below.   

You know that typical drawings are no substitute for properly configured design!}}

You know that typical drawings are no substitute for properly configured design!}}

==Ontario Municipal References==

==Ontario Municipal Standards==

*The [https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/streets-parking-transportation/enhancing-our-streets-and-public-realm/green-streets/ City of Toronto] Green Streets program included production of many drawn 'typicals'. See example of [[curb extensions]] to the right.<ref>https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/streets-parking-transportation/enhancing-our-streets-and-public-realm/green-streets/</ref>

*[https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/streets-parking-transportation/enhancing-our-streets-and-public-realm/green-streets/ City of Toronto] Green Streets program has produced "typical" road cross-section drawings for a wide variety of road types and contexts. See example of [[curb extensions]] to the right.<ref>https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/streets-parking-transportation/enhancing-our-streets-and-public-realm/green-streets/</ref>

*The [https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/building-construction/infrastructure-city-construction/construction-standards-permits/standards-for-designing-and-constructing-city-infrastructure/construction-specifications-drawings-for-green-infrastructure/ Toronto, Construction Specifications and Drawings for Green Infrastructure program] included production of many LID drawings' cross sections. See some examples below. <ref>https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/building-construction/infrastructure-city-construction/construction-standards-permits/standards-for-designing-and-constructing-city-infrastructure/construction-specifications-drawings-for-green-infrastructure/</ref>

*[https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/building-construction/infrastructure-city-construction/construction-standards-permits/standards-for-designing-and-constructing-city-infrastructure/construction-specifications-drawings-for-green-infrastructure/ City of Toronto, Construction Specifications and Drawings for Green Infrastructure] include many LID standard drawings, cross sections and details. See some examples below. <ref>https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/building-construction/infrastructure-city-construction/construction-standards-permits/standards-for-designing-and-constructing-city-infrastructure/construction-specifications-drawings-for-green-infrastructure/</ref>

*The City of Kitchener has standard details for [https://www.kitchener.ca/en/development-and-construction/development-manual.aspx pervious concrete pavement, precast permeable interlocking pavement and permeable pipe exfiltration systems], a note - you will have to send them an email requesting access to their development manual<ref>https://www.kitchener.ca/en/development-and-construction/development-manual.aspx</ref>.       

*City of Kitchener has standard details for [https://www.kitchener.ca/en/development-and-construction/development-manual.aspx pervious concrete pavement, precast permeable interlocking pavement and permeable pipe exfiltration systems], a note - you will have to send them an email requesting access to their development manual<ref>https://www.kitchener.ca/en/development-and-construction/development-manual.aspx</ref>.       

*The City of Barrie has a draft standard detail for [https://www.barrie.ca/City%20Hall/Planning-and-Development/Engineering-Resources/Pages/Infrastructure-Master-Plans.aspx an exfiltration trench and soakaway pit] in Appendix A - Figures of the linked website. '''Note''' that the 'within-WHPA' detail is not supported by STEP. <ref>https://www.barrie.ca/City%20Hall/Planning-and-Development/Engineering-Resources/Pages/Infrastructure-Master-Plans.aspx</ref>

*City of Cambridge's, Stormwater Management Policies and Guidelines [https://www.cambridge.ca/en/learn-about/resources/Stormwater-Management-Policy.pdf show typical cross section drawings for dry ponds, constructed wetlands, bioretention, etc.]. <ref>https://www.cambridge.ca/en/learn-about/resources/Stormwater-Management-Policy.pdf</ref>

*The City of Cambridge's, Stormwater Management Policies and Guidelines [https://www.cambridge.ca/en/learn-about/resources/Stormwater-Management-Policy.pdf show typical cross section drawings for dry ponds, constructed wetlands, bioretention, etc.]. <ref>https://www.cambridge.ca/en/learn-about/resources/Stormwater-Management-Policy.pdf</ref>

==Exfiltration Systems==

==Exfiltration Systems==

Please see below a Profile view of an exfiltration system (or perforated pipe system) designed for use in the City of Barrie and used in conjunction with a typical storm sewer system. '''Note''': This cross section installment is 'not located within a WHPA', although the source document for this drawing showcases a similar design configuration, that is 'located within a WHPA', which is not supported by STEP.

Please see below a Profile view of an exfiltration system (or perforated pipe system) designed for use in the City of Barrie and used in conjunction with a typical storm sewer system. '''Note''': This cross section installment is 'not located within a WHPA', although the source document for this drawing showcases a similar design configuration, that is 'located within a WHPA', which is not supported by STEP.

Drawings are from the City of Barrie's, [https://www.barrie.ca/City%20Hall/Planning-and-Development/Engineering-Resources/Documents/Drainage-Master-Plan/Appendices/Appendix%20A%20-%20Figures.pdf Drainage Master Plan] <ref>https://www.barrie.ca/City%20Hall/Planning-and-Development/Engineering-Resources/Documents/Drainage-Master-Plan/Appendices/Appendix%20A%20-%20Figures.pdf</ref> document. For further details about these cross section drawings please visit the link.

Drawings are from the City of Barrie's, [https://www.barrie.ca/government-news/adopted-strategies-plans/drainage-master-plan Drainage Master Plan] <ref>https://www.barrie.ca/government-news/adopted-strategies-plans/drainage-master-plan</ref> document. For further details about these cross section drawings please visit the link.

[[File:Exfiltration trench.PNG|1400px]]

[[File:Exfiltration trench.PNG|1200px]]

==Infiltration Trenches, Chambers & Soakaways==

==Infiltration Trenches, Chambers & Soakaways==

Please see below a profile view of an infiltration chamber installed below a parking lot in a shopping centre development in Brampton, Ontario. The stormwater chamber system receives roof, road and parking lot runoff from a large drainage area that then drains to a receiving waterbody. The system was designed to provide temporary storage and controlled release of runoff from storms to minimize impacts to the receiving waterbody (elevated water temperatures, higher velocity flows, potential for elevated flood conditions, etc.). A 0.3m deep gravel bed with no outlet below a portion of the chamber area provides additional water storage in the event of a large or prolonged storm/rainfall event to provide better retention of sediment and the means to evaluate whether or not substantial infiltration occurs. Orifice flow restricting plates mounted on the outlets of each manhole cause stormwater to back up into the chambers and contributing storm sewers so that when flow into the manhole exceeds the maximum flow rate of the orifice plate, stormwater backs up into the chambers safely.

Please see below a profile view of an infiltration chamber installed below a parking lot in a shopping centre development in Brampton, Ontario. The stormwater chamber system receives roof, road and parking lot runoff from a large drainage area that then drains to a receiving waterbody. The system was designed to provide temporary storage and controlled release of runoff from storms to minimize impacts to the receiving waterbody (elevated water temperatures, higher velocity flows, potential for elevated flood conditions, etc.). A 0.3m deep gravel bed with no outlet below a portion of the chamber area provides additional water storage in the event of a large or prolonged storm/rainfall event to provide better retention of sediment and the means to evaluate whether or not substantial infiltration occurs. Orifice flow restricting plates mounted on the outlets of each manhole cause stormwater to back up into the chambers and contributing storm sewers so that when flow into the manhole exceeds the maximum flow rate of the orifice plate, stormwater backs up into the chambers safely.

Drawings are from STEP's, [https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2015/04/UndergroundInfiltrationSystems_TechBrief_April2015.pdf Technical Brief - Evaluation of Underground Stormwater Infiltration Systems document]. The drawing was adapted from Counterpoint Engineering - Bramport Commercial Development, City of Brampton, Airport Road and Bovaird Drive – Site Servicing Plan Drawing No. SW-S1. Project No. 04160. May 7, 2007. Vaughan, ON.

Drawings are from STEP's, [https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2015/04/UndergroundInfiltrationSystems_TechBrief_April2015.pdf Technical Brief - Evaluation of Underground Stormwater Infiltration Systems document].<ref>https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2015/04/UndergroundInfiltrationSystems_TechBrief_April2015.pdf </ref> The drawing was adapted from ''Counterpoint Engineering - Bramport Commercial Development, City of Brampton, Airport Road and Bovaird Drive – Site Servicing Plan Drawing No. SW-S1. Project No. 04160. May 7, 2007. Vaughan, ON''. For further details about this cross section drawing please visit the link.

<ref>https://sustainabletechnologies.ca/app/uploads/2015/04/UndergroundInfiltrationSystems_TechBrief_April2015.pdf </ref>. For further details about this cross section drawing please visit the link.

[[File:Infiltration chamber profile.PNG|1100px]]

[[File:Infiltration chamber profile.PNG|1100px]]

==Permeable Pavements==

==Permeable Pavements==

Please see below a profile and plan view of a drawing of a standard permeable pavement composed of interlocking pavers located in a parking lot/laneway, location independent upon estimated traffic and vehicular loading. The installation is designed with an underdrain in this drawing as the site has low permeability (< 15mm/hr), allowing for partial infiltration in the system. The permeable paver installation also includes a cleanout for said underdrain in case of clogging, and is comprised of a crushed aggregate bedding layer, clean washed stone base, and subbase (more about these layers can be found under here [[OPSS aggregates]] & [[Choker layer]]). The entire facility and these layers are surrounded by a geotextile to retain these layers and separate them from the underlying soil subgrade, allowing the system to infiltrate water into the surrounding soil and prevent migration amongst layers.

Please see below a profile and plan view of a drawing of a standard permeable pavement composed of interlocking pavers located in a parking lot/laneway (location dependent upon estimated traffic and vehicular loading). The installation is designed with an underdrain in this drawing as the site has low permeability soil (< 15mm/hr), allowing for only partial infiltration in the system. The permeable paver installation also includes a cleanout for said underdrain in case of clogging, and is comprised of a crushed aggregate bedding layer, clean washed stone base, and subbase (more about these layers can be found under here [[OPSS aggregates]] & [[Choker layer]]). The entire facility is surrounded by a geotextile to retain these layers and separate them from the underlying soil subgrade, allowing the system to infiltrate water into the surrounding soil and prevent migration amongst said layers.

Drawings are from the City of Toronto's, [https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/building-construction/infrastructure-city-construction/construction-standards-permits/standards-for-designing-and-constructing-city-infrastructure/construction-specifications-drawings-for-green-infrastructure/?accordion=green-infrastructure-drawings Design Criteria for Green Infrastructure in the Right-of-Way] <ref>https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/building-construction/infrastructure-city-construction/construction-standards-permits/standards-for-designing-and-constructing-city-infrastructure/construction-specifications-drawings-for-green-infrastructure/?accordion=green-infrastructure-drawings Design Criteria for Green Infrastructure in the Right-of-Way </ref> document. For further details about these cross section drawings please visit the link.

Drawings are from the City of Toronto's, [https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/building-construction/infrastructure-city-construction/construction-standards-permits/standards-for-designing-and-constructing-city-infrastructure/construction-specifications-drawings-for-green-infrastructure/?accordion=green-infrastructure-drawings Design Criteria for Green Infrastructure in the Right-of-Way] <ref>https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/building-construction/infrastructure-city-construction/construction-standards-permits/standards-for-designing-and-constructing-city-infrastructure/construction-specifications-drawings-for-green-infrastructure/?accordion=green-infrastructure-drawings Design Criteria for Green Infrastructure in the Right-of-Way </ref> document. For further details about these cross section drawings please visit the link.

==Bioswales / Enhanced Swales==

==Bioswales / Enhanced Swales==

Please find below two sets of profile and plan view drawings of a bioswale and enhanced swale installation. Both installations are located in between the front of a private homeowners' property and the roadway, known as a easement/frontage/easement. The major difference between the two installations is the use of an underdrain for the bioswale, drainage layers, specialized filter media laid underneath the geotextile underlain rip-rap so that it provides partial infiltration. Whereas, the enhanced swale provides full infiltration, through a fully vegetated surface, allowing water to travel down slowly to the undisturbed soil substrate below.

Please find below two sets of profile and plan view drawings of a bioswale and enhanced swale installation. Both installations are located in between the front of a private homeowners' property and the roadway, known as a easement or frontage. The major difference between the two installations is the use of an underdrain for the bioswale, drainage layers, specialized filter media located underneath the geotextile underlain rip-rap so that it provides partial infiltration. Whereas, the enhanced swale provides full infiltration, through a fully vegetated surface, allowing water to travel down slowly to the undisturbed soil substrate below.

Drawings are from the City of Toronto's, [https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/building-construction/infrastructure-city-construction/construction-standards-permits/standards-for-designing-and-constructing-city-infrastructure/construction-specifications-drawings-for-green-infrastructure/?accordion=green-infrastructure-drawings Design Criteria for Green Infrastructure in the Right-of-Way] <ref>https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/building-construction/infrastructure-city-construction/construction-standards-permits/standards-for-designing-and-constructing-city-infrastructure/construction-specifications-drawings-for-green-infrastructure/?accordion=green-infrastructure-drawings Design Criteria for Green Infrastructure in the Right-of-Way </ref> document. For further details about these cross section drawings please visit the link.

Drawings are from the City of Toronto's, [https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/building-construction/infrastructure-city-construction/construction-standards-permits/standards-for-designing-and-constructing-city-infrastructure/construction-specifications-drawings-for-green-infrastructure/?accordion=green-infrastructure-drawings Design Criteria for Green Infrastructure in the Right-of-Way] <ref>https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/building-construction/infrastructure-city-construction/construction-standards-permits/standards-for-designing-and-constructing-city-infrastructure/construction-specifications-drawings-for-green-infrastructure/?accordion=green-infrastructure-drawings Design Criteria for Green Infrastructure in the Right-of-Way </ref> document. For further details about these cross section drawings please visit the link.

==Stormwater Tree Trenches==

==Stormwater Tree Trenches==

Please see below a Plan and Profile view of one of several variations of a stormwater planter (soil cell) along a roadway. This type of cross section installment showcases a tree trench in a continuous growing medium located under a hard boulevard/concrete surface that can withstand constant and heavy vehicular loads. Drawings are from the [https://www.toronto.ca/ext/digital_comm/pdfs/transportation-services/green-streets-technical-guidelines-appendices-v2-17-11-08.pdf City of Toronto's Green Streets Technical Guidelines Appendices] document. For further details about these cross section drawings please visit the link.

Please see below a plan and profile view of one of several variations of a stormwater planter (soil cell) along a roadway. This type of cross section installment showcases a tree trench in a continuous growing medium located under a hard boulevard/concrete surface that can withstand constant and heavy vehicular loads. Drawings are from the [https://www.toronto.ca/ext/digital_comm/pdfs/transportation-services/green-streets-technical-guidelines-appendices-v2-17-11-08.pdf City of Toronto's Green Streets Technical Guidelines Appendices] document. For further details about these cross section drawings please visit the link.

[[File:Soil Cell Profile View.PNG|1000px]]  

[[File:Soil Cell Profile View.PNG|1000px]]  

[[File:Soil Cell Plan View.PNG|900px]]

[[File:Soil Cell Plan View.PNG|900px]]

==Rain Gardens==

==Rain Gardens==

Please see below a plan and profile view of a rain garden, which possesses full infiltration and bioretention functions. In the plan view, note that the contributing area has water coming from both the building's roof, and paved areas, along with the driveway and directed towards the lowest area of the property, where the rain garden is located. This allows the feature to collect and to easily absorb rain and surface water into the ground on homeowners/business' properties. The installation also includes a pretreatment rock/concrete forebay to limit erosion and reduce higher velocity flows entering the rain garden, along with mulch, filter media and various planting zones with specific vegetation types that are best suited for these areas within the feature to assist in infiltration and removal of contaminants.

Please see below a plan and profile view of a rain garden, which possesses full infiltration and bioretention functions. In the plan view, note that the contributing area has water coming from both the building's roof, and paved areas, along with the driveway and directed towards the lowest area of the property, where the rain garden is located. This allows the feature to collect and to easily absorb rain and surface water into the ground on homeowners/businesses' properties. The installation also includes a pretreatment rock/concrete forebay to limit erosion and reduce higher velocity flows entering the rain garden, along with mulch, filter media and various planting zones with specific vegetation types that are best suited for these areas within the feature to assist in infiltration and removal of contaminants.

Drawings are from the https://www.cityofvancouver.us/publicworks/page/surface-waterstormwater-design-construction-requirements City of Vancouver's Surface Water/Stormwater Design & Construction Requirements] document. For further details about these cross section drawings please visit the link.

Drawings are from the [https://www.cityofvancouver.us/publicworks/page/surface-waterstormwater-design-construction-requirements City of Vancouver's Surface Water/Stormwater Design & Construction Requirements] document.<ref>https://www.cityofvancouver.us/publicworks/page/surface-waterstormwater-design-construction-requirements</ref> For further details about these cross section drawings please visit the link.

*[https://www.pwdplanreview.org/upload/pdf/PWD_Stormwater_Details_Porous_Pavement.dwg Permeable paving] by Philly Water

*[https://www.pwdplanreview.org/upload/pdf/PWD_Stormwater_Details_Porous_Pavement.dwg Permeable paving] by Philly Water

*[https://www.pwdplanreview.org/upload/pdf/PWD_Stormwater_Details_Subsurface_Infil_Basin.dwg Pipe-in-stone infiltration] by Philly Water

*[https://www.pwdplanreview.org/upload/pdf/PWD_Stormwater_Details_Subsurface_Infil_Basin.dwg Pipe-in-stone infiltration] by Philly Water

==Proprietary==

==Proprietary==

*[http://www.deeproot.com/products/silva-cell/resources.html Soil cells] by Silvacell

*[http://www.deeproot.com/products/silva-cell/resources.html Soil cells] by Silvacell

*[https://www.hydro-int.com/en/resources/first-defense-dwg-drawings pretreatment] by Hydro International

*[https://www.hydro-int.com/en/resources/first-defense-dwg-drawings pretreatment] by Hydro International