Changes

This article is about definitions.  

This article is about definitions. The regional context for LID is presented in [[Urbanization]] and [[Climate change]].  

 

[[Impacts of urbanization and climate change]] presents the regional context for LID.  

This guide has been developed as a tool to help developers, consultants, municipalities and landowners understand and implement more sustainable stormwater management planning and design practices in their watersheds. Many jurisdictions have defined the term low impact development. For this document, the following definition, adapted from the [https://www.epa.gov/nps/urban-runoff-low-impact-development United States Environmental Protection Agency] will be used:

This guide has been developed as a tool to help developers, consultants, municipalities and landowners understand and implement more sustainable stormwater management planning and design practices in their watersheds. Many jurisdictions have defined the term low impact development. For this document, the following definition, adapted from the [https://www.epa.gov/nps/urban-runoff-low-impact-development United States Environmental Protection Agency] will be used:

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systems and practices that use or mimic natural processes that result in the infiltration, evapotranspiration or use of stormwater in order to protect water quality and associated aquatic habitat.}}

systems and practices that use or mimic natural processes that result in the [[infiltration]], [[evapotranspiration]] or [[Rainwater harvesting|reuse]] of stormwater in order to protect water quality and associated aquatic habitat.}}

The field of stormwater management has undergone considerable evolution in the last 40-50 years, from underground drainage systems for rapid water disposal, to stormwater management ponds, to today’s myriad of near-to-nature practices and technologies<ref name ="Fletcher" />. This paradigm shift could be explained by a change of perception about water from a waste to a resource. With this evolution comes the evolution of terminology to describe the latest visions, practices and technologies.

The field of stormwater management has undergone considerable evolution in the last 40 - 50 years, from underground drainage systems for rapid water disposal, to stormwater management ponds, to today’s myriad of near-to-nature practices and technologies<ref name ="Fletcher" />. This paradigm shift could be explained by a change of perception about water from a waste to a resource. With this evolution comes the evolution of terminology to describe the latest visions, practices and technologies.

There are various terms used in stormwater management related literature across the globe. Some terms differ only in their geography while others differ in their connotation.

There are various terms used in stormwater management related literature across the globe. Some terms differ only in their geography while others differ in their connotation.

|+Regional terminology use<ref name ="Fletcher">Fletcher TD, Shuster W, Hunt WF, et al. SUDS, LID, BMPs, WSUD and more – The evolution and application of terminology surrounding urban drainage. Urban Water J. 2015;12(7):525-542. doi:10.1080/1573062X.2014.916314.</ref>

|+Regional terminology use<ref name ="Fletcher">Fletcher TD, Shuster W, Hunt WF, et al. SUDS, LID, BMPs, WSUD and more – The evolution and application of terminology surrounding urban drainage. Urban Water J. 2015;12(7):525-542. doi:10.1080/1573062X.2014.916314.</ref>

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!style="background: darkcyan; color: white"|Terminology

!Terminology

!style="background: darkcyan; color: white"|North America

!North America

!style="background: darkcyan; color: white"|New Zealand

!New Zealand

!style="background: darkcyan; color: white"|Australia

!Australia

!style="background: darkcyan; color: white"|United Kingdom

!United Kingdom

!style="background: darkcyan; color: white"|Europe

!Europe

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|Green Infrastructure (GI)1||x¹||-||-||-||-

|Green Infrastructure (GI)||x||||||||  

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|Low Impact Development (LID)||x¹||x²||-||-||-

|Low Impact Development (LID)||x||x||||||

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|Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD)||x||x²||-||-||-

|Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD)||||x||x||x||

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|Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWM)||-||-||-||-||x¹

|Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWM)||||||||||x

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|Best Management Practices (BMPs)||x¹||-||-||-||-

|Best Management Practices (BMPs)||x||||||||

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|Stormwater Control Measures (SCMs)||x¹||-||-||-||-

|Stormwater Control Measures (SCMs)||x||||||||

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|Alternative Measures||-||-||-||-||x¹

|Alternative Measures||||||||||x

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|Source Control||x¹||-||-||-||-

|Source Control||x||||||||

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==Green infrastructure==

==Green infrastructure==

*heritage features,

*heritage features,

*parklands,

*parklands,

*street trees,

*street [[trees]],

*natural channels, or

*natural channels, or

in other words any natural(ized) green space.

in other words any natural(ized) green space.

GI describes a strategically planned and delivered network of natural and semi-natural elements that collectively deliver a wide range of ecosystem, social and economic services to help reduce dependence on grey infrastructure and to address environmental resilience and climate change.

GI describes a strategically planned and delivered network of natural and semi-natural elements that collectively deliver a wide range of ecosystem, social and economic services to help reduce dependence on grey infrastructure and to address environmental resilience and climate change.

The LID approach to stormwater management falls under the overarching umbrella of GI as a semi-natural element.

The LID approach to stormwater management falls under the overarching umbrella of GI as a semi-natural element.

LID comprises comprehensive, engineered site-design strategies and techniques that seek to mitigate the impacts of increased runoff and stormwater pollution by replicating or maintaining the site’s pre-development hydrological and ecological functions. This is achieved as close to the runoff source as possible through the processes of retention, filtration, infiltration and evapotranspiration. These practices can effectively remove nutrients, pathogens and metals from runoff, and they reduce the volume and intensity of stormwater flows.

LID comprises comprehensive, engineered site-design strategies and techniques that seek to mitigate the impacts of increased runoff and stormwater pollution by replicating or maintaining the site’s pre-development hydrological and ecological functions. This is achieved as close to the runoff source as possible through the processes of retention, filtration, infiltration and evapotranspiration. These practices can effectively remove [[Water quality#nutrients|nutrients]], pathogens and [[heavy metals]] from runoff, and they reduce the volume and intensity of stormwater flows.

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[[category:background]]

[[category:background]]