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<ul>
<ul>
<li>70-80 % coarse sand</li>
<li>70-80 % coarse sand</li>
<li>10-15 % top soil</li>
<li>10-15 % topsoil</li>
<li>10-15 % organic soil component</li>
<li>10-15 % organic soil component</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<p> The final blended product should be free from have the following properties:
<table class = "table table-striped table-responsive">
<caption><strong></strong></caption>
<tr class ='success'><th>Characteristic</th><th>Criterion</th><th>Recommended method</th></tr>
<tr><td>[[Texture]]</td><td><20 % fines</td><td>Hygrometer</td></tr>
<tr><td>[[Organic matter (OM)]]</td><td>5 - 10%</td><td>ASTM D2974-14, Standard test methods for moisture, ash and organic matter of peat and other organic soils. </td></tr>
<tr><td>[[Cationic exchange capacity(CEC)]]</td><td>> 10 meq/100g</td><td>ASTM D7503-10, Standard test method for measuring the exchange complex and cation exchange capacity of inorganic fine grained soils. </td></tr>
<tr><td>[[Cationic exchange capacity(CEC)]]</td><td>> 10 meq/100g</td><td>ASTM D7503-10, Standard test method for measuring the exchange complex and cation exchange capacity of inorganic fine grained soils. </td></tr>
</table>
===Sand===
===Sand===
{{:Sand}}
{{:Sand}}
<table class = "table table-striped table-responsive">
<table class = "table table-striped table-responsive">
<caption><strong>Organic soil components</strong></caption>
<caption><strong>Organic soil components</strong></caption>
<tr class ='success'><th>Material</th><th>Benefits</th><th>Concerns</th></tr>
<tr class ='success'><th>Material</th><th>Benefits</th><th>Potential concerns</th></tr>
<tr><td>Coconut coir</td><td>Doesn't leach P</td><td>Requires importation</td></tr>
<tr><td>Coconut coir</td><td>Doesn't leach P</td><td>Requires importation</td></tr>
<tr><td>Wood chip</td><td>Doesn't leach P <br>Promotes nitrogen removal from water</td><td>TBD</td></tr>
<tr><td>Wood chip</td><td>Doesn't leach P <br>Promotes nitrogen removal from water</td><td>TBD</td></tr>
<strong>Coconut coir</strong>
<strong>Coconut coir</strong>
http://www.modularwetlands.com/new/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/2-Bioretention-Synthesis-2015-DAhearn.pdf
http://www.modularwetlands.com/new/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/2-Bioretention-Synthesis-2015-DAhearn.pdf
<strong>Wood derivatives</strong>
<strong>Wood derivatives</strong>
https://www.unh.edu/unhsc/sites/default/files/media/unhsc_bsm_spec_2-28-17_0.pdf
https://www.unh.edu/unhsc/sites/default/files/media/unhsc_bsm_spec_2-28-17_0.pdf
</p>
</p>
===Amendments===
A number of granular amendments have been demonstrated to improve nutrient removal from bioretention discharge water. There are two primary processes involved, precipitation and adsorption. Both mechanisms are ultimately finite, but have been shown in come cases to make significant improvements on the discharged water quality over several years. Typically these type of amendments would comprise 5- 10 % by volume of the filter media mixture.
<table class = "table table-striped table-responsive">
<caption><strong>Soil Amendments</strong></caption>
<tr class ='success'><th>Material</th><th>Benefits</th><th>Potential concerns</th></tr>
<tr><td>Biochar</td><td>-</td><td>Currently expensive<br>Energy intensive to produce</td></tr>
<tr><td>Iron filings (ZVI)</td><td>-</td><td>Proprietary</td></tr>
<tr><td>Red sand</td><td>Proven phosphorous retention</td><td>Proprietary</td></tr>
<tr><td>Sorptive media<sup>TM</sup></td><td>Proven phosphorous retention</td><td>Proprietary</td></tr>
<tr><td>Water treatment residuals</td><td>Waste product reuse</td><td>Proprietary</td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>