Changes

*In busy areas around building entrances, covered walkways and heated mats also reduce salt requirements.  

*In busy areas around building entrances, covered walkways and heated mats also reduce salt requirements.  

===Trees===  

===Trees===  

*Specifying deciduous [[trees]] will maximize winter sunlight penetration. This will naturally enhance the melting of frozen surfaces, limiting the need to winter maintenance.

*Specifying deciduous [[trees]] will maximize winter sunlight penetration. This will naturally enhance the melting of frozen surfaces, limiting the need for winter maintenance.

==Other vegetation==  

==Other vegetation==  

*Salt in soil water generally makes it more difficult for roots to take up water. This phenomenon mimics drought conditions for the plant.

*Salt in soil water generally makes it more difficult for roots to take up water. This phenomenon mimics drought conditions for the plant.

*If passing traffic sprays salty water onto plants it can reduce cold hardiness in buds and new twigs. These then become more susceptible to freezing, mortality or deformation.

*If passing traffic sprays salty water onto plants it can reduce cold hardiness in buds and new twigs. These then become more susceptible to freezing, mortality or deformation.

*In high enough concentrations of sodium and chloride can also be directly toxic to plants. In some species the ions are absorbed by the plant and build up in the leaves causing them to die.  

*In high enough concentrations, sodium and chloride can also be directly toxic to plants. In some species the ions are absorbed by the plant and build up in the leaves causing them to die.  

Generally, the vegetation growing closest to the source will be most strongly affected by salt. Plants actively growing in late winter (when salt levels are highest) are also more significantly affected. So, warm season [[Graminoids: List|grasses]] offer an advantage over cool season grasses, because they emerge later in the spring when excess salt has been flushed away.

Generally, the vegetation growing closest to the source will be most strongly affected by salt. Plants actively growing in late winter (when salt levels are highest) are also more significantly affected. So, warm season [[Graminoids: List|grasses]] offer an advantage over cool season grasses, because they emerge later in the spring when excess salt has been flushed away.

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