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Line 132: − ===Making it happen: Approaches to getting LID into parks=== − The scale of your LID project will largely determine how to proceed. While you can usually complete small-scale LID projects with in-house expertise and resources, large-scale projects require external support from consultants and contractors. − − ====Small-scale projects==== − Starting with small-scale projects is a good strategy to increase public interest in LID practices, gauge municipal support and gain experience. Small-scale projects include retrofitting your park with landscape alternatives, rain barrels, or by using pollution prevention strategies and practices. − − Small-scale projects require fewer resources and a smaller project budget: − * They do not require integration into capital works projects − * Engineering consultants are not required − * Contractors may not be not required − * External approvals are not required − * Consultation with the public is limited − − Due to less financial commitment, it can be easier to build colleague support and to gain supervisor approval for small-scale projects. However, small-scale projects like landscape alternatives and pollution prevention may not be easily identified as LID practices by the public. Your project team should consider establishing educational signage to inform the public. − − ====Large-scale projects==== − − Large-scale projects require significantly more effort, budget, and staff than small-scale projects. Large-scale LID practices include: − * [[Bioretention]] − * [[Enhanced grass swales]] − * [[Bioswales]] − * Perforated pipe systems − * [[Permeable paving|Permeable pavement]] − * [[Soakaways, Infiltration Trenches and Infiltration Chambers Guide|Soakaways]] − * [[Infiltration chambers]] − * [[Rainwater harvesting]] − * Prefabricated modules − − Consider a large-scale project if your municipality or department would like to be a leader in sustainability. Large scale projects are often highly visible and attract more public attention. Large-scale projects may also be the only solution to site-specific challenges. For example, if the parking lot on your site does not have existing stormwater controls, small-scale projects are not likely to fully achieve compliance with water quality and quantity objectives. Consider using an infiltration chamber or bioswale project to meet those objectives. − − Before starting a large-scale retrofit project, consider the following distinctions that set these retrofits apart from small-scale projects. − − ====Integration with capital works programs==== − Most large-scale LID retrofits must function with existing site infrastructure, such as storm sewers, catch basins and pavement systems. Constructing large-scale − LID practices often requires these systems to be removed, exposed or replaced. Planned infrastructure replacement or rehabilitation projects provide opportunities for implementing LID practices. For example, if a planned project requires removing existing pavement, infiltration chambers, permeable pavement or bioretention can be incorporated. Budget and resources already set aside for infrastructure projects can be set aside for a retrofit project including replacement existing infrastructure. − − ====Involvement of consultants and contractors==== − Consultants are required for large-scale retrofit projects, specifically for the final screening of options, pre-design, detailed design, tender and contract documents, construction supervision and administration, and assumption and verification. Site contractors are also required for large-scale LID retrofits. − − Ideally, contractors should be pre-qualified based on previous experience with similar LID projects. − − ====More intensive public consultation==== − Stakeholders must be closely involved in the retrofit process for large-scale LID projects. These projects have longer construction windows, may have significant impacts on long term public use patterns of the park, and will have significantly higher costs. Gaining public insight in advance of LID implementation can − help address public concerns and information gaps, as well as identify public supporters and champions. Public consultation can help designers tailor the project to address community concerns and values. − − ====External approvals==== − Large-scale park retrofits may require a variety of approvals at the municipal, watershed, provincial and/or federal level. Since LID is still relatively new, you may encounter policies or bylaws that present barriers to LID retrofit projects. Alternatively, the municipality may have to enforce some policies and bylaws to facilitate the implementation of LID projects within parks.
→Parks
[[File:Example1.jpg|thumb|Urban parkettes may look small, but they have the potential to treat a large surface area of road. Typical ratios of impervious drainage area to a bioretention range from 5:1 to 15:1. (Source: CVC)]]
[[File:Example1.jpg|thumb|Urban parkettes may look small, but they have the potential to treat a large surface area of road. Typical ratios of impervious drainage area to a bioretention range from 5:1 to 15:1. (Source: CVC)]]
[[File:Example3.jpg|thumb|The road surface (left) contributes significantly more stormwater pollutants than the parkland area (right). To achieve maximum watershed benefit a designer could consider accepting runoff from this external area. (Source: CVC)]]
[[File:Example3.jpg|thumb|The road surface (left) contributes significantly more stormwater pollutants than the parkland area (right). To achieve maximum watershed benefit a designer could consider accepting runoff from this external area. (Source: CVC)]]
Parks range from simple parcels of municipal property to complex outdoor recreational facilities that include parking, sidewalks, trails, sports fields, field houses, operations facilities and washrooms. Each distinct area of your site can be a source for runoff (referred to as a ‘source area’). Target these areas when introducing LID in your park.
Parks range from simple parcels of municipal property to complex outdoor recreational facilities that include parking, sidewalks, trails, sports fields, field houses, operations facilities and washrooms. Each distinct area of your site can be a source for runoff (referred to as a ‘source area’). Target these areas when introducing LID in your park.
===Inter-municipal transfer of funds===
===Inter-municipal transfer of funds===
Integrating LID practices into the municipal stormwater management framework may require a change in how municipal funds are managed. Traditional stormwater management maintenance resources and funds may have to be transferred to a more landscape-based stormwater management maintenance program. Instead of infrequent but expensive stormwater management pond sediment removal operations, time and resources would be spent on more frequent but inexpensive maintenance projects, including pruning and weeding bioretention practices or sweeping permeable pavement.
Integrating LID practices into the municipal stormwater management framework may require a change in how municipal funds are managed. Traditional stormwater management maintenance resources and funds may have to be transferred to a more landscape-based stormwater management maintenance program. Instead of infrequent but expensive stormwater management pond sediment removal operations, time and resources would be spent on more frequent but inexpensive maintenance projects, including pruning and weeding bioretention practices or sweeping permeable pavement.
Municipalities generally have the required staff and infrastructure within departments (e.g. arborists and horticulturalists in parks departments) to manage the maintenance of LID measures. However, funding this maintenance may require a transfer of funding and additional training.
Municipalities generally have the required staff and infrastructure within departments (e.g. arborists and horticulturalists in parks departments) to manage the maintenance of LID measures. However, funding this maintenance may require a transfer of funding and additional training.
===Source Areas===
===Source Areas===
The best LID option for your site will depend what types of source areas are present. Source areas may include:
The best LID option for your site will depend what types of source areas are present. Source areas may include:
[[File:Example6.jpg|thumb|Source areas within a typical park]]
* Active use areas
* Active use areas
* Passive use areas
* Passive use areas
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[[File:Example4.jpg|thumb|A [[no-mow]] zone is a landscape alternative that does not require construction activities. (Source: Aquafor Beech)]]
[[File:Example4.jpg|thumb|A [[no-mow]] zone is a landscape alternative that does not require construction activities. (Source: Aquafor Beech)]]
[[File:Example5.jpg|thumb|When installing new parks equipment, consider whether the LID practices can be integrated into the design. Here a bioswale has been built into the landscape between a playground and sidewalk. (Source: CVC)]]
[[File:Example5.jpg|thumb|When installing new parks equipment, consider whether the LID practices can be integrated into the design. Here a bioswale has been built into the landscape between a playground and sidewalk. (Source: CVC)]]
[[Category:Planning]]
[[Category:Planning]]