Changes

== Your LID project team ==

== Your LID project team ==

[[File:Bioretention_People_Standing.jpeg|thumb|Community members that use your municipal facility are a great resource for identifying site needs and providing ongoing volunteer support]]

[[File:Bioretention_People_Standing.jpeg|thumb|Community members that use your municipal facility are a great resource for identifying site needs and providing ongoing volunteer support]]

Whether you are planning a small-scale or large-scale LID retrofit project, your team should be comprised of project champions that promote the retrofit within your municipality and the community. The project manager should be a person who is familiar with the site and its maintenance and operations. The core project team will include a broad range of professionals with different fields of expertise and perspectives to support the project manager.

Whether planning a small-scale or large-scale LID retrofit project, your project team should include project champions who will promote the retrofit within your municipality and their local community. The project manager should be familiar with the site and its maintenance and operations. The core project team should include a broad range of professionals with different fields of expertise and perspectives to support the project manager.

The core project team develops an overall plan and provides key information to assist the project manager with decision making. The project team also helps to identify staff, external organizations, and stakeholders who can provide information, advice, or professional expertise. For projects that require external support from consultants and contractors, the core team should be able to help with the development of the terms of reference, tender, or request for proposal (RFP).They should also review and comment on site design and assist with construction administration and oversight.

The core project team develops an overall plan and provides key information to assist the project manager with decision making. The project team also helps to identify staff, external organizations and stakeholders who can provide information, advice, or professional expertise. For projects that require external support from consultants and contractors, the core team should be able to help with the development of the terms of reference, the tender, or the request for proposal (RFP).They should also review and comment on site design and assist with construction administration and oversight.

Team members must possess a comprehensive understanding of goals and targets associated with stormwater management, site function, and existing operations and maintenance at the site.

Team members must possess a comprehensive understanding of goals and targets associated with stormwater management, site function, and existing operations and maintenance at the site.

Most municipalities are fortunate to have departments that can support the retrofit process. You may consider looking to the following areas for project support:

Most municipalities are fortunate to have departments that can support the retrofit process. You may consider looking to the following departments for project support:

*Forestry and parks departments

*Forestry and parks

*Environmental services and stewardship

*Environmental services and stewardship

*[[Engineering hub|Engineering services]]

*[[Engineering hub|Engineering services]]

*Terrestrial and aquatic services

*Terrestrial and aquatic services

*[[Hydrogeology hub|Geosciences (hydrology and hydrogeology)]]

*[[Hydrogeology hub|Geosciences (hydrology and hydrogeology)]]

*Marketing and communications departments

*Marketing and communications

*Community services

*Community services

The size of your team, as well as the type of expertise that is available will depend on the size of your municipality. Small municipalities may not have all the departments listed above. Support from consultants and partnering organization such as conservation authorities can help to get the work done. Operations staff are required team members since they will be most familiar with existing site maintenance practices. These members will have critical first-hand knowledge of what type(s) of LID practices are best suited given current levels of service, or what changes may be required to accommodate new LID retrofits.

The size of your team and the available expertise will depend on the size of your municipality. Small municipalities may not have all the departments listed above. Support from consultants and partnering organizations, such as conservation authorities, can help to get the work done. Operations staff are required team members, since they will be most familiar with existing site maintenance practices. These members will have critical first-hand knowledge of what type(s) of LID practices are best suited given current levels of service and of what changes may be required to accommodate new LID retrofits.

Also consider what support or resources your project may receive from:

Also consider what support or resources your project may receive from:

*Regional government

*Regional government

*Your local conservation authority

*Your local conservation authority

*Provincial staff

*Provincial staff (MNRF, MOECC)

===Forming community partnerships===

===Forming community partnerships===

[[File:Bioretention_Parking_Lot_1.jpeg|thumb|Green features in your parking lot provide shade and evaporative cooling. This plays a role in reducing air temperatures on your site and making the walk from a car to your municipal facility a better experience during hot summer days]]

[[File:Bioretention_Parking_Lot_1.jpeg|thumb|Green features in your parking lot provide shade and evaporative cooling. This plays a role in reducing air temperatures on your site and making the walk from a car to your municipal facility a better experience during hot summer days]]

[[File:Dry_Hydrant.jpeg|thumb|This dry hydrant is connected to a large subsurface cistern. This water supply can be used in emergency situations to fight fires on site. (Source: Aquafor Beech)]]

[[File:Dry_Hydrant.jpeg|thumb|This dry hydrant is connected to a large subsurface cistern. This water supply can be used in emergency situations to fight fires on site. (Source: Aquafor Beech)]]

Municipal facilities are hubs for community groups, interest clubs and sports teams. Partnerships with these groups can help promote and fund your LID retrofits. Community groups may have an interest in upgrading or beautifying facilities that they commonly use. Volunteer support and even funding from these groups may be possible, especially if the project achieves common goals.

Municipal facilities are hubs for community groups, interest clubs and sports teams. Partnerships with these groups can help promote - and even fund -  your LID retrofits. Community groups may have an interest in upgrading or beautifying facilities that they use in common. Volunteer support from these groups may be possible, especially if the project achieves common public goals.

Consultation with the public is probably not needed for projects that are unlikely to affect public use. Examples of LID retrofit projects that do not require public consultation include implementing pollution prevention strategies around maintenance facilities, and installing [[rain barrels]] on your roof drains. However, for small-scale practices that are to be integrated into public use areas and have the potential to change usage patterns in the municipal facility, public consultation should occur.

Consultation with the public is probably not needed for projects unlikely to affect public use. For example, implementing pollution prevention strategies around maintenance facilities and installing [[rain barrels]] on your roof drains are not on the public's radar. However, for small-scale practices to be integrated into public use areas and with the potential to change usage patterns in municipal facilies, public consultation should occur.

== LID opportunities at municipal facilities ==

== LID opportunities at municipal facilities ==

=== Targeting hard surfaces ===

=== Targeting hard surfaces ===

Municipal facilities have large parking lots to accommodate public demand. Parking areas represent the most significant source of pollutant loading from these sites and contribute significantly to increased runoff rates in comparison to natural conditions. Parking lots include areas for parking, areas for driving, and islands or landscape planters used for calming traffic, directing vehicles, and improving pedestrian safety.

Municipal facilities have large parking lots to accommodate public demand. Parking areas represent the most significant source of pollutant loading from these sites and contribute significantly to increased runoff rates in comparison to natural conditions. Parking lots include areas for parking, areas for driving, and islands or landscape planters used for calming traffic, directing vehicles and improving pedestrian safety.

LID practices can be incorporated into all areas of a parking lot. You can use [[bioretention]] in parking lot islands and along the lot perimeter. Standard curbs with small cut-outs (called ‘[[curb cuts]]’) can allow water to easily enter biorentention practices while also preventing damage from cars.

LID practices can be incorporated into all areas of a parking lot. You can use [[bioretention]] in parking lot islands and along the lot perimeter. Standard curbs with small cut-outs (called ‘[[curb cuts]]’) can allow water to easily enter biorentention practices while also preventing damage from cars.

[[Bioswales]] can also be located in parking lot islands or along lot perimeters. Parking lots with existing perimeter ditching are ideal for bioswale integration due to their extended continuous flow path.

[[Bioswales]] are excellent options in parking lot islands or along lot perimeters. Parking lots with existing perimeter ditching are ideal for bioswale integration due to their extended continuous flow path.

Prefabricated modular [[infiltration chambers]] are gaining acceptance for their easy integration with parking lot functions. These subsurface systems are typically installed over a coarse granular reservoir to provide storage and allow infiltration into native soils. Infiltration chambers under conventional asphalt system work well on sites where parking demand and other site uses do not allow space for a stormwater feature.

Prefabricated modular [[infiltration chambers]] are gaining acceptance for their easy integration with parking lot functions. These subsurface systems are typically installed over a coarse granular reservoir to provide storage and allow infiltration into native soils. Infiltration chambers under conventional asphalt system work well on sites where parking demand and other site uses do not allow space for a stormwater feature.

[[File:Bioretention_Planters_1.jpeg|thumb|[[Stormwater planters]] beautify this building entrance. The entrance receives a lot of traffic during business hours, making it an ideal location for a high visibility LID practice. (Source: Aquafor Beech)]]

[[File:Bioretention_Planters_1.jpeg|thumb|[[Stormwater planters]] beautify this building entrance. The entrance receives a lot of traffic during business hours, making it an ideal location for a high visibility LID practice. (Source: Aquafor Beech)]]

[[Permeable paving]] can also be integrated in large municipal parking lots. Pervious concrete, permeable interlocking concrete pavers, and porous asphalt can detain stormwater and increase infiltration.

[[Permeable paving]] is also an option in large municipal parking lots. Pervious concrete, permeable interlocking concrete pavers, and porous asphalt can detain stormwater and increase infiltration.

There are also excellent opportunities to integrate [[rainwater harvesting]] systems in many municipal facilities. Rainwater harvesting systems have two requirements: an area for catchment of relatively clean runoff, and a nearby demand for water usage. Municipal facilities often have large rooftop areas that produce relatively clean runoff. Installing a cistern either internal to the building or buried adjacent to the building can provide a sustainable source of water for site irrigation needs, including landscaped areas and recreational fields, as well as indoor use for flushing toilets and urinals.

Municipal facilities provide excellent opportunities for integrating [[rainwater harvesting]] systems. Rainwater harvesting systems have two requirements: an area for catchment of relatively clean runoff and a nearby demand for water usage. Municipal facilities often have large rooftop areas producing relatively clean runoff. Installing a cistern internal to the building or buried adjacent to the building can provide a sustainable source of water for site irrigation needs for landscaped areas, recreational fields and indoor use (e.g. flushing toilets and urinals).

=== Targeting highly visible areas ===

=== Targeting highly visible areas ===

If your LID integration strategy involves highly visible LID practices, consider targeting areas with high-volume pedestrian traffic.

If your LID integration strategy involves highly visible LID practices, consider targeting areas with high-volume pedestrian traffic. This can help promote LID's visibility among the public and increase support for future LID projects.  

=== Targeting pollution prevention opportunities ===

=== Targeting pollution prevention opportunities ===

On some municipal sites, pollution prevention techniques and strategies outlined in Chapter 2 are the best approaches to mitigating the environmental impact of your site. Retrofits of municipal works yards require a different approach than other land uses discussed in this guide. Works yards do not offer substantial opportunities for public interaction. LID retrofits should focus primarily on reducing pollution generated on-site. Fuelling stations, waste storage areas, truck washing stations, sand and salt storage, staging areas, and water conveyance features should be targeted for

On some municipal sites, pollution prevention techniques and strategies outlined in Chapter 2 are the best approaches to mitigating the environmental impact of your site. Retrofits of municipal works yards require a different approach than other land uses discussed in this guide. Works yards do not offer substantial opportunities for public interaction. LID retrofits should focus primarily on reducing pollution generated on-site. Fuelling stations, waste storage areas, truck washing stations, sand and salt storage, staging areas and water conveyance features are ideal for

pollution prevention.

pollution prevention.

=== Source areas ===

=== Source areas ===

The LID option that best fits your site will depend what types of source areas are present. Types of source areas include:

The best LID option for your site will depend what source areas are present. Types of source areas include:

*Active use area

*Active use areas

*Passive use area

*Passive use areas

*Pedestrian walkway

*Pedestrian walkways

*Internal driveway

*Internal driveways

*Parking lot

*Parking lots

On municipal sites, pollution prevention is often associated with changes to operations and maintenance practices and has not been included in '''Table 4.3.1'''. An aerial photo of a park with each of these source areas accompanies '''Table 4.3.1'''. Options and implementation strategies for a few of these source areas will give you some ideas for your park site.

On municipal sites, pollution prevention is often associated with changes to operations and maintenance practices and has not been included in '''Table 4.3.1'''. An aerial photo of a park with each of these source areas accompanies '''Table 4.3.1'''. Options and implementation strategies for a few of these source areas will give you some ideas for your park site.