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[[File:Anatomy of a green street.png|thumb|Anatomy of a green street (Source: Ann English)]]

[[File:Anatomy of a green street.png|thumb|Anatomy of a green street (Source: Ann English)]]

ROW standards in Ontario vary by municipality, but generally there are seven typical ROW types:

ROW standards in Ontario vary by municipality, but generally there are seven typical ROW types:

*Major arterial road

*Major arterial road

*Main streets

*Main streets

The characteristics, LID opportunities and constraints, and examples are presented for each of these ROW types on the following pages. Typical LID options for each of these street types are offered. However, this guidance is not intended to be prohibitive of other LID options, but rather to help reduce the number of LID options in the preliminary phases of screening and alert the designer to LID opportunities unique to that road type. Other considerations such as adjacent landuses, traffic demands, utility locations, budget constrains and geological conditions will determine the most appropriate LID solution.

The characteristics, LID opportunities and constraints, and examples are presented for each of these ROW types on the following pages. Typical LID options for each of these street types are offered. However, this guidance is not intended to be prohibitive of other LID options, but rather to help reduce the number of LID options in the preliminary phases of screening and alert the designer to LID opportunities unique to that road type. Other considerations such as adjacent landuses, traffic demands, utility locations, budget constrains and geological conditions will determine the most appropriate LID solution.

==Local residential road==

==Local residential road==

===Rural Cross-Section===

===Rural cross-section===

[[File:Local Residential Road Rural Cross-section.png|thumb|Residential Road (Rural Cross-Section) and applicable LID options]]

[[File:Local Residential Road Rural Cross-section.png|thumb|Residential Road (Rural Cross-Section) and applicable LID options]]

Local residential streets are the most common street type. They serve as access to the residential lots within those areas created by, or bounded by, thoroughfares, arterials, collectors,and primary residential streets and other physical boundaries such as natural streams and railroads. Since the primary function is local vehicular access rather than intercommunity circulation, theses roads have low traffic volumes and mostly lightweight vehicular traffic, but they must accommodate the rapid access needs of emergency vehicles. Other characteristics specific to the residential rural cross section include:

Local residential streets are the most common street type. They serve as access to the residential lots within those areas created by, or bounded by, thoroughfares, arterials, collectors,and primary residential streets and other physical boundaries such as natural streams and railroads. Since the primary function is local vehicular access rather than intercommunity circulation, theses roads have low traffic volumes and mostly lightweight vehicular traffic, but they must accommodate the rapid access needs of emergency vehicles. Other characteristics specific to the residential rural cross section include:

*Converting degraded ditches to enhanced grass swales is the simplest LID improvement to make to residential rural cross-section roads. Driveway culverts can be slightly raised to provide storage and encourage infiltration

*Converting degraded ditches to enhanced grass swales is the simplest LID improvement to make to residential rural cross-section roads. Driveway culverts can be slightly raised to provide storage and encourage infiltration

===Urban Cross-Section===

===Urban cross-section===

[[File:Local Residential Road Urban Cross-section.png|thumb|Local residential road (urban cross-section) and applicable LID options]]

[[File:Local Residential Road Urban Cross-section.png|thumb|Local residential road (urban cross-section) and applicable LID options]]

Characteristics specific to the urban cross section include:

Characteristics specific to the urban cross section include:

'''Within the boulevard:'''

'''Within the boulevard:'''

*Boulevard bioretention can be easily incorporated into a rural to urban upgrade by allowing for stormwater treatment within the boulevard space

*Boulevard [[bioretention]] can be easily incorporated into a rural to urban upgrade by allowing for stormwater treatment within the boulevard space

==Residential collector road==

==Residential collector road==

*Institutional uses along collectors offer opportunities for innovative LID solutions. Runoff can be treated within adjacent park space or on school properties where agreements have been made with school boards. These areas are also good opportunities for LID showcases or demonstrations.

*Institutional uses along collectors offer opportunities for innovative LID solutions. Runoff can be treated within adjacent park space or on school properties where agreements have been made with school boards. These areas are also good opportunities for LID showcases or demonstrations.

==Local Industrial road==

==Local industrial road==

[[File:Local_Industrial_Road_Cross_Section.png|thumb|LID options for the local industrial road]]

[[File:Local_Industrial_Road_Cross_Section.png|thumb|LID options for the local industrial road]]

The function of local industrial roads is to provide access to industry and other employment zones. The ability to provide access and easy movement for large vehicles are a primary design characteristic of these types of streets. They are two to three lanes and are not intended for through traffic. Other characteristics include:

The function of local industrial roads is to provide access to industry and other employment zones. The ability to provide access and easy movement for large vehicles are a primary design characteristic of these types of streets. They are two to three lanes and are not intended for through traffic. Other characteristics include:

*Dedicated parking lanes or parking lay-bys can be converted to permeable pavers. The permeable parking lane can be designed to accept only the rainfall that falls on it or it can take runoff from up to two additional lanes.

*Dedicated parking lanes or parking lay-bys can be converted to permeable pavers. The permeable parking lane can be designed to accept only the rainfall that falls on it or it can take runoff from up to two additional lanes.

'''Within the boulevard:'''

'''Within the boulevard:'''

*Attractive bioretention planters and permeable paver sidewalks are appropriate for high density areas and where business districts expect an enhanced or signature streetscape.

*Attractive [[stormwater planters]] and [[permeable paving]] sidewalks are appropriate for high density areas and where business districts expect an enhanced or signature streetscape.

*Street trees can be supported with LID options by providing root volume space in bioretention practices or with sidewalk support systems. Permeable sidewalks allow air and moisture to reach tree roots which in turn reduces sidewalk buckling from roots pushing through the surface.

*Street [[trees]] can be supported with LID options by providing root volume space in [[bioretention]] practices or with sidewalk support systems. Permeable sidewalks allow air and moisture to reach tree roots which in turn reduces sidewalk buckling from roots pushing through the surface.

==Major arterial road==

==Major arterial road==

*Street trees are high priorities for this road type and LID options should support or incorporate them by providing root volume space in bioretention practices or with sidewalk support systems.

*Street trees are high priorities for this road type and LID options should support or incorporate them by providing root volume space in bioretention practices or with sidewalk support systems.

==Other Design Considerations==

==Other design considerations==

The previous sections presented the most common options based on the type of construction and the road type. The project team must use the information gathered through the background review [[Link]] field reconnaissance [[Link]], feedback gained from the public engagement[[Link]] as well as from the LID practice Suitability & Considerations Comparison Table [[Link]] to determine the feasible and optimal LID options for the site. Below is a list of factors to be considered when choosing the type of practice and how it will be incorporated into the site:

The previous sections presented the most common options based on the type of construction and the road type. The project team must use the information gathered through the background review [[Link]] field reconnaissance [[Link]], feedback gained from the public engagement[[Link]] as well as from the LID practice Suitability & Considerations Comparison Table [[Link]] to determine the feasible and optimal LID options for the site. Below is a list of factors to be considered when choosing the type of practice and how it will be incorporated into the site: