Changes

==Life Cycle Costs==

==Life Cycle Costs==

Below are both the capital and life cycle costs of the three [[permeable pavements|porous asphalt]] configurations over a 25- and 50-year time horizon based on a detailed assessment of local input costs, maintenance requirements, rehabilitation costs and design scenarios relevant to Canadian climates. The costs of maintenance and rehabilitation (Life cycle costs) are set at "Present Value" of these activities in 2022. The estimates of maintenance and rehabilitation (life cycle) costs represent net present values (NPV). Operation and maintenance costs are predicted to represent between 26 to 29% of total life cycle costs over the 25-year evaluation period, and increase to between 37 to 40% of total life cycle costs over the 50-year period, due to costs associated with increased surface vacuuming, restriping, repairing of potholes and cleaning out underground pipes (underdrain and overflow) to prevent [[clogging]] assumed to be continually required after 25 years of operation.

Below are capital and life cycle cost estimates for the three porous asphalt configurations over 25- and 50-year time periods. The estimates of maintenance and rehabilitation (life cycle) costs represent net present values. Operation and maintenance costs are predicted to represent between 26 to 29% of total life cycle costs over the 25-year evaluation period, and increase to between 37 to 40% of total life cycle costs over the 50-year period, due to costs associated with restriping, some repairing of potholes and flushing of underground pipes (underdrain and overflow) after 25 years of operation. Estimates assume no rehabilitation of the permeable pavement surface is required to maintain acceptable drainage performance over the 50 year timeframe.

===25-Year life cycle cost break down===

===25-Year life cycle cost break down===