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Dry ponds (view source)

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→‎Ferguson & Church (2004)Ferguson, R.I. and Church, M. 2004. A simple universal equation for grain settling velocity. Journal of sedimentary Research, 74(6), pp.933-937. for settling solids. http://geoweb.uwyo.edu/geol5330/FergusonChurch_GrainSettling_JSR04.pdf
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====Ferguson & Church (2004)<ref>Ferguson, R.I. and Church, M. 2004. A simple universal equation for grain settling velocity. Journal of sedimentary Research, 74(6), pp.933-937. for settling solids. http://geoweb.uwyo.edu/geol5330/FergusonChurch_GrainSettling_JSR04.pdf</ref>====
 
====Ferguson & Church (2004)<ref>Ferguson, R.I. and Church, M. 2004. A simple universal equation for grain settling velocity. Journal of sedimentary Research, 74(6), pp.933-937. for settling solids. http://geoweb.uwyo.edu/geol5330/FergusonChurch_GrainSettling_JSR04.pdf</ref>====
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Ferguson & Church's calculation meanwhile allows for designers to include the relationship between settling velocity and particle diameter size. A relationship for settling velocity that incorporates larger particles, such as sands with Reynolds Number (RE) > 10, has been developed by Ferguson and Church (2004) as shown in equation 10.2. Equation 10.2 becomes Stokes' Law at small particle diameters and results in a constant drag coefficient for large particle diameters.
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Ferguson & Church's calculation meanwhile allows for designers to include the relationship between settling velocity and particle diameter size. A relationship for settling velocity that incorporates larger particles, such as sands with Reynolds Number (RE) > 10. The equation becomes Stokes' Law when particles have smaller diameters and allows for a constant drag coefficient to be applied for larger particle diameters.
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* ''R'' = Specific gravity for solid in question (i.e. 1.58kg/cm<sup>3</sup> for sand)
 
* ''R'' = Specific gravity for solid in question (i.e. 1.58kg/cm<sup>3</sup> for sand)
 
* ''C'' = Typical constant for spherical solids (0.4) and (1.0) for sand grains}}
 
* ''C'' = Typical constant for spherical solids (0.4) and (1.0) for sand grains}}
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See the table below for average settling velocities of different particle size ranges and particle types based on MOEE (1994)<ref>MOEE (1994). Stormwater management practices planning and design manual. Ministry of Environment and Energy, Ontario, Canada. </ref> and from Muschalla, 2014<ref>Muschalla, D., Vallet, B., Anctil, F., Lessard, P., Pelletier, G. and Vanrolleghem, P.A., 2014. Ecohydraulic-driven real-time control of stormwater basins. Journal of hydrology, 511, pp.82-91.</ref>
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{| class="wikitable" style="width: 900px;"
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|+'''Visual Indicators Framework - Bioretention/Swales'''
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|-
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!<br>'''Size Fraction (i)'''
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!<br>'''Particle size range (µm)'''
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!<br>'''Average settling velocity of particles in size fraction i, V<sub>si</sub> (m/s)'''
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!<br>'''Fraction of total mass contained in size fraction i (%) - MOEE'''
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!<br>'''Fraction of total mass contained in size fraction i (%) - measured'''
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|-
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|'''1'''
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|x ≤ 20
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|2.54E-06 
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|20
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|83.4
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|-
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|'''2'''
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|20 ≤ x ≤ 40
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|1.30E-05
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|10
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|9.1
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|-
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|'''3'''
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|40 ≤ x ≤ 60
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|2.54E-05
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|10
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|4.4
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|-
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|'''4'''
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|60 ≤ x ≤ 130
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|1.27E-04 
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|20
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|4.1
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|-
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|'''5'''
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|130 ≤ x ≤ 400
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|5.93E-04 
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|20
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| -
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|-
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|'''6'''
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|400 ≤ x ≤ 4000
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|5.50E-03 
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|20
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| -
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|-
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|}<br>
    
===Excess flow control===
 
===Excess flow control===
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