Changes

[[File:karst-diagram_5.jpg|thumb|Diagram illustrating characteristics of karst topography]]

[[File:karst-diagram_5.jpg|thumb|Diagram illustrating characteristics of karst formations and topography]]

[[File:Karstification.PNG|thumb|Locations of karst topography in southern Ontario, Red = Known Karst; Orange = Inferred Karst; Yellow = Potential Karst]]

[[File:Karstification.PNG|thumb|Locations of karst topography in southern Ontario, Red = Known Karst; Orange = Inferred Karst; Yellow = Potential Karst]]

LID facilities designed to drain primarily by [[infiltration]] should not be located in areas of karst topography. Karst formations are found in areas along the Niagara Escarpment, including the Bruce Peninsula, the Guelph/Rockwood/Elora area of Wellington County and in portions of eastern Ontario<ref>Ontario Ministry of Northern Development and Mines. Karst. https://www.mndm.gov.on.ca/en/mines-and-minerals/applications/ogsearth/karst. Published 2017. Accessed October 17, 2017.</ref>.  

LID facilities designed to drain primarily by [[infiltration]] should not be located in karst formations or topographic features. Karst formations and topography are found in areas along the Niagara Escarpment, including the Bruce Peninsula, the Guelph/Rockwood/Elora area of Wellington County and in portions of eastern Ontario<ref>Ontario Ministry of Northern Development and Mines. Karst. https://www.mndm.gov.on.ca/en/mines-and-minerals/applications/ogsearth/karst. Published 2017. Accessed October 17, 2017.</ref>.  

===Karst formations, in which there are undetected sinkholes, trenches and caverns, can be dangerous===

===Karst formations that feature undetected sinkholes, trenches and caverns, can be dangerous===

There is no one formula for defining a hazardous area associated with karst formations. Defining the “area of provincial interest” is a site-specific process. The size, extent and severity of the hazards depend on local conditions<ref>Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Understanding Natural Hazards.; 2001. http://www.trentu.ca/iws/documents/GLSLRS_UnderstandingNaturalHazard_Intro.pdf. Accessed October 17, 2017.</ref>.  

There is no one formula for defining a hazardous area associated with karst formations. Defining the “area of provincial interest” is a site-specific process. The size, extent and severity of the hazards depend on local conditions<ref>Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Understanding Natural Hazards.; 2001. http://www.trentu.ca/iws/documents/GLSLRS_UnderstandingNaturalHazard_Intro.pdf. Accessed October 17, 2017.</ref>.  

Karst formation character and size depends on the [[pH]] of the infiltrating water, the rate at which the rock dissolves, number of fractures and fissures in the rock, distance the water will percolate from surface to water table and the presence of impermeable layers above or below the limestone/dolomite layers.

Karst formation character and size depends on the [[pH]] of the infiltrating water, the rate at which the rock dissolves, number of fractures and fissures in the rock, distance the water will percolate from surface to water table and the presence of impermeable layers above or below the limestone/dolomite layers.