ZVI is scrap iron filings and describes the elemental form of iron with a zero charge carried by each atom – a result of the outer valence level being filled. ZVI is able to remove phosphate from solution through precipitation. <ref name=Rossetti>Rossetti M. Evaluation of phosphorous removals by biochar supported nano-scale zero-valent iron. 2017. Chemical Engineering Undergraduate Honors Thesis.</ref> Zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) are also used for [[phosphorus]] removal.
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Iron filings or zero-valent iron (ZVI) is the elemental form of iron with a zero charge carried by each atom – a result of the outer valence level being filled. ZVI is able to remove phosphate from solution through precipitation. <ref name=Rossetti>Rossetti M. Evaluation of phosphorous removals by biochar supported nano-scale zero-valent iron. 2017. Chemical Engineering Undergraduate Honors Thesis.</ref> Zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) are also used for [[phosphorus]] removal.