OPSS aggregates
Of the standard granular materials in the standard OPSS.MUNI 1010 only Granular O is recommended as a substitute for clear stone in LID construction.
Where Granular O is substituted for clear stone in underground reservoir structures, the void ratio used in design calculations shall be 0.3 unless laboratory testing proves otherwise.
Examples of BMPs with underground reservoirs include Underdrains, infiltration trenches, permeable paving, infiltration chambers, exfiltration trenches.
All other mixes must be avoided for free drainage or storage as they are permitted to contain a higher enough proportion of fines to reduce permeability below 50 mm/hr.
Justification[edit]
Sieve size (mm) | A | B type I | B type II | B type III | M | O | SSM | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
High | Low | High | Low | High | Low | High | Low | High | Low | High | Low | High | Low | |
150 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | ||||||||
106 | 100 | 100 | ||||||||||||
37.5 | 100 | 100 | ||||||||||||
26.5 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 100 | 50 | 100 | 50 | 100 | 95 | 100 | 50 | 100 | ||
19 | 85 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 80 | 95 | ||||||||
13.2 | 65 | 90 | 75 | 95 | 60 | 80 | ||||||||
9.5 | 50 | 73 | 32 | 100 | 55 | 80 | 50 | 70 | ||||||
4.75 | 35 | 55 | 20 | 100 | 20 | 55 | 20 | 90 | 35 | 55 | 20 | 45 | 20 | 100 |
1.18 | 15 | 40 | 10 | 100 | 10 | 40 | 10 | 60 | 15 | 40 | 0 | 15 | 10 | 100 |
0.3 | 5 | 22 | 2 | 65 | 5 | 22 | 2 | 35 | 5 | 22 | 5 | 95 | ||
0.15 | 15 | 2 | 65 | |||||||||||
0.075 | 2 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 25 |
d60 | 13 | 6 | 35 | 0.25 | 25 | 6 | 40 | 1.2 | 10 | 5 | 15 | 7 | 35 | 0.15 |
d10 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.08 | 1.2 | 0.075 | 1.2 | 0.085 | 0.6 | 0.09 | 2.5 | 0.3 | 1.2 | NaN |
Content Uniformity | 19 | 60 | 35 | 3 | 21 | 80 | 33 | 14 | 17 | 56 | 6 | 23 | 29 | |
Porosity (Vukovic) | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.40 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.34 | 0.26 | 0.26 | |
Mean porosity (Vukovic) | 0.26 | 0.33 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.3 | 0.26 | |||||||
K(Hazen)(mm/hr) | 1764 | 36 | 3600 | 23 | 5184 | 20 | 5184 | 26 | 1296 | 29 | 22500 | 324 | 5184 | NaN |
Mean K(hazen)(mm/hr) | 900 | 1812 | 2602 | 2605 | 663 | 11412 | NaN |
Porosity values were calculated based on the coefficient of uniformity (CU)[2][3][4]: Where coefficient of uniformity is the ratio of the 60th and 10th percentile grain sizes:
Permeability (K) was estimated from the 10th percentile grain size using the Hazen formula.
- ↑ OPSS. (2013). Material Specficiation for Aggregates - Base, Subbase, Select Subgrade, and Backfill Material. Retrieved from http://www.raqsb.mto.gov.on.ca/techpubs/ops.nsf/0/0b9aa4d966cac4f9852580820062909e/$FILE/OPSS.MUNI%201010%20Nov%2013.pdf
- ↑ Vuković, Milan and Soro, Andjelko Determination of hydraulic conductivity of porous media from grain-size composition. Water Resources Publications, Littleton, Colo, 1992.
- ↑ Odong, J. (2007). Evaluation of Empirical Formulae for Determination of Hydraulic Conductivity based on Grain-Size Analysis. Journal of American Science, 3(3). Retrieved from http://www.jofamericanscience.org/journals/am-sci/0303/10-0284-Odong-Evaluation-am.pdf
- ↑ Zhang, S. (2017). Relationship between Particle Size Distribution and Porosity in Dump Leaching. the University of British Columbia. Retrieved from https://open.library.ubc.ca/collections/ubctheses/24/items/1.0357233