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→Climate risk and uncertainty
===Climate risk and uncertainty===
===Climate risk and uncertainty===
====Risk====
[[File:Screenshot 2025-08-29 144313.png|400px|thumb|right|Historical (grey) global surface temperature compared to a range of projected future surface temperatures based on five emission scenarios (from very low to very high). Not only is the state of future emissions uncertain, but there is also uncertainty associated with each scenario – indicated by the red and blue shaded areas (City of Toronto, 2024)<ref>City of Toronto. 2024. Toronto’s Current and Future Climate. https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/949f-TorontosCurrentandFutureClimate-REPORT-Final.pdf</ref>]]
[[File:Screenshot 2025-08-29 144313.png|400px|thumb|right|Historical (grey) global surface temperature compared to a range of projected future surface temperatures based on five emission scenarios (from very low to very high). Not only is the state of future emissions uncertain, but there is also uncertainty associated with each scenario – indicated by the red and blue shaded areas (City of Toronto, 2024)<ref>City of Toronto. 2024. Toronto’s Current and Future Climate. https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/949f-TorontosCurrentandFutureClimate-REPORT-Final.pdf</ref>]]
Not all risks can be fully managed; therefore, management efforts are typically prioritized toward impacts that exceed established thresholds of severity and frequency. (MECP, 2022)
Not all risks can be fully managed; therefore, management efforts are typically prioritized toward impacts that exceed established thresholds of severity and frequency. (MECP, 2022)
====Uncertainty====
Climate change is inherently characterized by uncertainty, particularly in projecting local impacts. This uncertainty poses challenges for engineers, making risk management a critical tool for prioritizing vulnerabilities and selecting effective risk reduction strategies. Uncertainty surrounding climate impacts underscores the need to build resilience through LID practices (MECP, 2022). The [[No regrets|”no regrets”]] strategy refers to actions, such as LID, that have positive benefits for people and the environment, regardless of how climate change unfolds.
Climate change is inherently characterized by uncertainty, particularly in projecting local impacts. This uncertainty poses challenges for engineers, making risk management a critical tool for prioritizing vulnerabilities and selecting effective risk reduction strategies. Uncertainty surrounding climate impacts underscores the need to build resilience through LID practices (MECP, 2022). The [[No regrets|”no regrets”]] strategy refers to actions, such as LID, that have positive benefits for people and the environment, regardless of how climate change unfolds.