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No-regrets approaches, often described as proactive adaptive management, rely on risk-based design standards that account for climate uncertainty and promote actions—such as reducing impervious cover—that enhance watershed resilience under any scenario (Huron River Watershed Council, 2013)<ref name = "HRWC"> Huron River Watershed Council. (2013). Climate Resilient Communities. Retrieved from https://www.hrwc.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Water Infastructure.pdf</ref>. Evidence also shows that redevelopment strategies like increasing density and decreasing impervious cover function as effective no-regrets adaptations, reducing pollutant loads in stormwater runoff while addressing broader climate adaptation goals (Pyke et al., 2011)<ref name ="Pyke">Pyke, C., Warren, M. P., Johnson, T., LaGro, J., Scharfenberg, J., Groth, P.,...Main, E. (2011). Assessment of low impact development for managing stormwater with changing precipitation due to climate change. Landscape and Urban Planning, 103(2), 166–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.07.006 </ref>. However, climate change adaptation in infrastructure planning remains complex due to the scale, interconnectedness, and uncertainty of the problem, requiring integrated solutions rather than single strategies (Blanco et al., 2009)<ref>Hilda Blanco, Marina Alberti, Ann Forsyth, Kevin J. Krizek, Daniel A. Rodríguez, Emily Talen, Cliff Ellis; Hot, congested, crowded and diverse: Emerging research agendas in planning, Progress in Planning, May 2009 Volume, 71(4) p.153-205</ref>. Green infrastructure plays a key role in this risk-based framework by functioning as a buffer against uncertain climate impacts. Rather than offering only direct, measurable benefits, it reduces the risks of extreme weather events such as flooding, heat waves, and storms, helping communities avoid negative outcomes while also providing wider social and environmental benefits (Matthews et al., 2015)<ref>Matthews, T., Lo, A. Y., & Byrne, J. A. (2015). Reconceptualizing green infrastructure for climate change adaptation: Barriers to adoption and drivers for uptake by spatial planners. Landscape and Urban Planning, 138, 155–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.02.010 </ref>. Together, these perspectives underscore why LID should be widely implemented: it supports current stormwater management needs while simultaneously preparing communities for uncertain future climate conditions.

No-regrets approaches, often described as proactive adaptive management, rely on risk-based design standards that account for climate uncertainty and promote actions—such as reducing impervious cover—that enhance watershed resilience under any scenario (Huron River Watershed Council, 2013)<ref name = "HRWC"> Huron River Watershed Council. (2013). Climate Resilient Communities. Retrieved from https://www.hrwc.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Water Infastructure.pdf</ref>. Evidence also shows that redevelopment strategies like increasing density and decreasing impervious cover function as effective no-regrets adaptations, reducing pollutant loads in stormwater runoff while addressing broader climate adaptation goals (Pyke et al., 2011)<ref name ="Pyke">Pyke, C., Warren, M. P., Johnson, T., LaGro, J., Scharfenberg, J., Groth, P.,...Main, E. (2011). Assessment of low impact development for managing stormwater with changing precipitation due to climate change. Landscape and Urban Planning, 103(2), 166–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.07.006 </ref>. However, climate change adaptation in infrastructure planning remains complex due to the scale, interconnectedness, and uncertainty of the problem, requiring integrated solutions rather than single strategies (Blanco et al., 2009)<ref>Hilda Blanco, Marina Alberti, Ann Forsyth, Kevin J. Krizek, Daniel A. Rodríguez, Emily Talen, Cliff Ellis; Hot, congested, crowded and diverse: Emerging research agendas in planning, Progress in Planning, May 2009 Volume, 71(4) p.153-205</ref>. Green infrastructure plays a key role in this risk-based framework by functioning as a buffer against uncertain climate impacts. Rather than offering only direct, measurable benefits, it reduces the risks of extreme weather events such as flooding, heat waves, and storms, helping communities avoid negative outcomes while also providing wider social and environmental benefits (Matthews et al., 2015)<ref>Matthews, T., Lo, A. Y., & Byrne, J. A. (2015). Reconceptualizing green infrastructure for climate change adaptation: Barriers to adoption and drivers for uptake by spatial planners. Landscape and Urban Planning, 138, 155–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.02.010 </ref>. Together, these perspectives underscore why LID should be widely implemented: it supports current stormwater management needs while simultaneously preparing communities for uncertain future climate conditions.

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===References===